Parasites and marine invasions
Parasites and marine invasions
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寄生虫和海洋入侵
DOI：
10.1017/s0031182002001506
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
A. Kuris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Torchin;K. Lafferty;A. Kuris
引进的海洋物种是一个重大的环境和经济问题。近年来，由于世界经济的全球化，这些生物入侵的速度大大增加。入侵物种造成的损害往往是由于它们与原生地相比密度更高，体积更大。解释引进物种成功的一个突出假设是，它们相对不受天敌的影响。最值得注意的是，与它们的原生范围相比，它们在引入范围内可能遇到更少的寄生虫。寄生虫在海洋系统中普遍存在，但它们在海洋入侵中的作用相对未被探索。虽然有关于海洋生物寄生虫的数据，但寄生虫可在多大程度上介导海洋入侵，或入侵性寄生虫和病原体在多大程度上负责感染或潜在地消灭本地海洋物种，尚未得到研究。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个理论框架来模拟入侵成功，并研究了寄生虫存在和成功引进海洋物种之间关系的证据。为此，我们比较了几个引进的海洋物种种群的寄生虫的流行率和物种丰富度，他们是本地的人口。我们还讨论了引入海洋寄生虫对本地生态系统的潜在影响。
Introduced marine species are a major environmental and economic problem. The rate of these biological invasions has substantially increased in recent years due to the globalization of the world's economies. The damage caused by invasive species is often a result of the higher densities and larger sizes they attain compared to where they are native. A prominent hypothesis explaining the success of introduced species is that they are relatively free of the effects of natural enemies. Most notably, they may encounter fewer parasites in their introduced range compared to their native range. Parasites are ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, yet their role in marine invasions is relatively unexplored. Although data on parasites of marine organisms exist, the extent to which parasites can mediate marine invasions, or the extent to which invasive parasites and pathogens are responsible for infecting or potentially decimating native marine species have not been examined. In this review, we present a theoretical framework to model invasion success and examine the evidence for a relationship between parasite presence and the success of introduced marine species. For this, we compare the prevalence and species richness of parasites in several introduced populations of marine species with populations where they are native. We also discuss the potential impacts of introduced marine parasites on native ecosystems.