Inappropriate image duplications in rhinology research publications.
Inappropriate image duplications in rhinology research publications.
复制标题
鼻学研究出版物中存在不恰当的图像重复。
DOI：
10.1002/alr.23226
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Woodworth,BradfordA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cho,Do-Yeon;Bishop,Jessica;Grayson,Jessica;Woodworth,BradfordA
方法使用以下检索词查询PubMed/Medline数据库中的英语研究：“免疫荧光”加上“鼻窦”或“鼻”，截至2022年10月。没有IF图像的研究被排除进行分析。一旦检索到便携式文档格式（PDF）文件格式，则将识别的文章上传到“ImageTwin（imagetwin. ai）”基于AI的软件来检测完整性问题。作者审查了来自“ImageTwin”的每份报告，并将其分为三组：干净（未检测到重复图像）、可能（可疑但无法验证）和确定（包含重复图像）。重复的图像分为三大类2：简单重复（第1类），重复，重新定位（第2类）和有改动的复制品（3类）：（1）简单复制是指在同一幅图内或同一张纸上的不同图之间包含两个或两个以上相同的图幅; 2）具有重新定位的重复包括具有清晰重叠区域的图像，其中一个图像相对于另一个图像被移位、旋转或反转; 3）具有改变的重复包括随着改变背景或对比度而改变的图像，从而通过重新定位添加或删除数据点或图像的一部分（图1）。属于第1类（简单重复）的图像最有可能是由于疏忽而将相同的图像包括两次，或者由于缺乏实际对照，作者使用了不同实验的对照组，因此解释不足。另一方面，第2类（重新定位）和第3类（改变）更有可能是不当行为造成的，因为它们需要有意识地努力完成。
METHODSThe PubMed/Medline database was queried for English-language studies using the following search terms:“immunofluorescence” plus “sinus” or “nasal”, up to October 2022. Studies without IF images were excluded for analysis. Once portable document format (PDF) file formats were retrieved, identified articles were then uploaded to the “ImageTwin (imagetwin. ai)” AI-based software to detect integrity issues. Each report from “ImageTwin” was reviewed by the authors and divided into three groups: Clean (no detection of duplicated images), Possible (suspicious but unable to verify), and Definite (containing duplicated images). The duplicated images were classified into three major categories 2: simple duplications (Category 1), duplications with repositioning (Category 2), and duplications with alteration (Category 3): 1) Simple duplication means figures containing two or more identical panels, either within the same figure or between different figures within the same paper; 2) Duplications with repositioning include images with a clear region of overlap, where one image had been shifted, rotated, or reversed with respect to the other; 3) Duplications with alteration consist of images that were altered with changing background or contrasts, thereby adding or removing data points or a part of images with repositioning (Figure 1). Images falling under category 1 (simple duplication) are most likely the outcome of either an oversight to include identical images twice, or a deficiency in explanation if the author (s) using a control panel from a different experiment due to the lack of an actual control. Categories 2 (repositioning) and 3 (alteration), on the other hand, are more likely to result from misconduct, as they require conscious effort to complete.