The built environment and physical activity levels: the Harvard Alumni Health Study.
The built environment and physical activity levels: the Harvard Alumni Health Study.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.007
复制
发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Sesso, Howard D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, I-Min;Ewing, Reid;Sesso, Howard D.
体力活动与更好的健康相关，但许多人的活动量不够。改变建筑环境可能是一种能够影响全民身体活动水平的方法，但纵向研究中很少有数据可以最大限度地减少活跃人士选择活动友好型社区的偏见。这是第一个调查建筑环境和体育活动纵向变化的大规模研究。本研究考察了 1993 年和 1988 年美国各地男性的城市扩张（将地址映射到相应县）与体力活动（自我报告）之间的横断面关联，以及 1988-1993 年搬家者面临的城市扩张变化与体力活动之间的纵向关联。 1993 年的横断面研究纳入了 4,997 名男性（平均年龄 70 岁）； 1988 年的横断面研究涉及 4,918 名男性； 1988 年至 1993 年期间，对 3,448 名男性进行了纵向研究。数据于 1988 年和 1993 年前瞻性收集，并于 2007 年至 2008 年进行分析。在横断面分析中，较少的蔓延与更多的步行显着相关（比值比（OR），与大多数蔓延地区相比，通过步行满足身体活动建议= 1.38 [95%置信区间= 1.09, 1.76]，1993年和1.53 [1.19, 1.96]，1988年）。较少的蔓延也与较低的超重患病率相关（相应的 OR = 1993 年的 0.79 [0.64, 0.98] 和 1988 年的 0.81 [0.66-1.00]）。然而，评估变化的纵向分析并未表明蔓延的减少与体力活动增加或体重指数下降相关。这些发现表明，横截面结果可能反映了自我选择，而不是表明建筑环境（通过城市扩张来衡量）增加了身体活动。然而，纵向研究结果受到少数男性改变居住地和相关蔓延水平的限制。
Physical activity is associated with better health, but many individuals are insufficiently active. Modifying the built environment may be an approach capable of influencing population-wide levels of physical activity, but few data exist from longitudinal studies that can minimize bias from active persons choosing activity-friendly neighborhoods. This is the first large-scale study to examine longitudinal changes in the built environment and physical activity. This study examined cross-sectional associations between urban sprawl (mapping addresses to corresponding counties) and physical activity (self-reported) among men throughout the US in 1993 and in 1988, and longitudinal associations between changes in exposure to urban sprawl for movers and physical activity, 1988-1993. Included were 4,997 men (mean age, 70 years) in the 1993 cross-sectional study; 4,918 men in the 1988 cross-sectional study; and 3,448 men in the longitudinal study, 1988-1993. Data were collected prospectively in 1988 and 1993, and analyses were performed in 2007-2008. In cross-sectional analyses, less sprawl was significantly associated with more walking (odds ratios (OR), comparing least with most sprawling areas, for meeting physical activity recommendations by walking = 1.38 [95% confidence interval = 1.09, 1.76] in 1993 and 1.53 [1.19, 1.96] in 1988). Less sprawl also was associated with lower prevalence of overweight (corresponding OR = 0.79 [0.64, 0.98] in 1993 and 0.81 [0.66-1.00] in 1988). However, longitudinal analyses assessing change did not show that decreasing sprawl was associated with increased physical activity or decreased body mass index. These findings suggest that the cross-sectional results may reflect self-selection, rather than indicating that the built environment – as measured by urban sprawl – increases physical activity. However, the longitudinal findings were limited by small numbers of men changing residence and associated sprawl levels.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Knowler, WC;Barrett-Connor, E;Nathan, DM
通讯作者：
Nathan, DM
影响因子：
5
作者：
Matthews, Charles E.;Chen, Kong Y.;Troiano, Richard P.
通讯作者：
Troiano, Richard P.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Hanson, Susan
通讯作者：
Hanson, Susan
影响因子：
5
作者：
LEE, IM;PAFFENBARGER, RS;HSIEH, CC
通讯作者：
HSIEH, CC
影响因子：
5
作者：
Nagel, Corey L.;Carlson, Nichole E.;Michael, Yvonne L.
通讯作者：
Michael, Yvonne L.