Infrared Spectra of U.S. Automobile Original Finishes. VII. Extended Range FT‐IR and XRF Analyses of Inorganic Pigments In Situ—Nickel Titanate and Chrome Titanate
Infrared Spectra of U.S. Automobile Original Finishes. VII. Extended Range FT‐IR and XRF Analyses of Inorganic Pigments In Situ—Nickel Titanate and Chrome Titanate
复制标题
美国汽车原漆的红外光谱 VII. 无机颜料原位 FT-IR 和 XRF 分析 - 钛酸镍和钛酸铬。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00126.x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Martin X. McDermot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. M. Suzuki;Martin X. McDermot
摘要：本报告描述了美国汽车原始面漆（1974-1989）中镍钛合金（黄色）和Chrome钛合金（黄橙色）的鉴别、分析和出现情况。钛酸盐颜料基于金红石（二氧化钛）结构，并且在金红石和钛酸盐的红外吸收之间仅存在微小差异。因此，颜料光谱中的滴定颜料的衍射峰很容易被误认为是金红石。然而，除了钛之外，每种钛酸盐还含有两种元素，可以使用元素分析来区分它们。结合使用傅里叶变换红外（4000-220 cm−1）和X射线荧光仪器对钛酸盐进行原位分析。除了钛、镍和锑这三种主要的可检测元素之外，还检测了该颜料的所有商业产品，其中还含有锆、铌和通常的铅杂质。这些元素也被检测到在大多数的单涂层，其中镍钛酸盐被确定，以及在Chrome钛酸盐颜料，和锆铌比被发现表现出广泛的变化。钛酸镍是一种相对常见的颜料，在近30多个美国汽车黄色非金属单涂层（1974-1989年）中发现，而Chrome钛酸镍似乎仅用于少数黄色和橙子非金属单涂层。钛酸盐颜料的使用可能在这段时间之后增加，因为它们是铬酸铅颜料的替代品（最后一次用于20世纪90年代初的美国汽车原始面漆），并且比单涂层更适合用于底涂层/透明涂层面漆。金红石、金红石和钛酸盐的红外衍射图的微小畸变被注意到，并讨论了它们的起源。
ABSTRACT: The identification, analysis, and occurrence in U.S. automobile original finishes (1974–1989) of Nickel Titanate (yellow) and Chrome Titanate (yellow–orange) are described in this report. The titanate pigments are based on the rutile (titanium dioxide) structure and there are only minor differences between the infrared absorptions of rutile and the titanates. Titanate pigment absorptions in paint spectra can thus be easily mistaken for those of rutile. Each of the titanates, however, contains two elements in addition to titanium that can serve to distinguish them using elemental analyses. Fourier transform infrared (4000–220 cm−1) and X‐ray fluorescence instruments were used in combination for the in situ analysis of the titanates. In addition to titanium, nickel, and antimony, the three main detectable elements comprising Nickel Titanate, all of the commercial products of this pigment that were examined also contained impurities of zirconium, niobium, and usually lead. These elements were also detected in most of the monocoats in which Nickel Titanate was identified, as well as in the Chrome Titanate pigments, and the zirconium to niobium ratio was found to exhibit a wide variation. Nickel Titanate is a relatively common pigment that was identified in nearly three dozen U.S. automobile yellow nonmetallic monocoats (1974–1989), while Chrome Titanate appears to have been used in only a few yellow and orange nonmetallic monocoats. The use of the titanate pigments likely increased after this time period as they were replacements for lead chromate pigments (last used in a U.S. automobile original finish in the early 1990s), and are more amenable for use in basecoat/clearcoat finishes than in monocoats. Minor distortions of the infrared absorptions of rutile, anatase, and the titanates obtained using accessories with diamond windows were noted, and their origins are discussed.