Cigarette smoking alters sialylation in the Fallopian tube of women, with implications for the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy
Cigarette smoking alters sialylation in the Fallopian tube of women, with implications for the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy
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DOI：
10.1002/mrd.22747
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Nio-Kobayashi;Hazirah B. Z. Abidin;Jeremy Brown;T. Iwanaga;A. Horne;W. C. Duncan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Nio-Kobayashi;Hazirah B. Z. Abidin;Jeremy Brown;T. Iwanaga;A. Horne;W. C. Duncan
唾液酸化在细胞表面上产生负电荷，其可干扰胚泡植入。例如，由唾液酸转移酶ST 6 GAL 1催化的末端半乳糖上的α 2，6-唾液酸化抑制半乳糖凝集素-1（一种β-半乳糖苷结合凝集素）的结合。我们最近报道了半乳糖凝集素-1和-3在输卵管异位妊娠发病机制中的潜在参与;然而，半乳糖凝集素及其配体糖缀合物的确切作用仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究了编码α 2，3-和α 2，6-半乳糖苷唾液酸转移酶（ST 3GAL 1 −6和ST 6 GAL 1 −2）的基因的表达以及唾液酸在有或没有异位着床的女性输卵管中的定位。ST 6 GAL 1在分泌中期的表达高于非妊娠女性的增殖期（P < 0.0001），而ST 6 GAL 1（P <0.0001）、ST 3GAL 3（P = 0.0029）、ST 3GAL 5（P = 0.0089）和ST 3GAL 6（P = 0.0018）在输卵管异位妊娠中均较低。然而，α 2，3-和α 2，6-唾液酸均在输卵管上皮表面富集。吸烟是输卵管异位妊娠的主要危险因素，与ST 6 GAL 1分泌中期表达减少（P = 0.0298）相关，但ST 3GAL 5表达升高（P = 0.0006），这是一种已知参与纤毛发生的酶。事实上，在吸烟女性的上皮内观察到含唾液酸的纤毛包涵体囊肿（与纤毛发生异常相关）的频率较高（P = 0.0177），表明纤毛发生异常与吸烟相关。因此，吸烟改变输卵管上皮中的唾液酸化，并且是人输卵管中输卵管运输减少和胚泡接受性增加的潜在来源。摩尔Reprod. Dev. 83：1083-1091，2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Sialylation creates a negative charge on the cell surface that can interfere with blastocyst implantation. For example, α2,6‐sialylation on terminal galactose, catalyzed by the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1, inhibits the binding of galectin‐1, a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin. We recently reported the potential involvement of galectin‐1 and ‐3 in the pathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy; however, the precise role of galectins and their ligand glycoconjugates remain unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of the genes encoding α2,3‐ and α2,6‐galactoside sialyltransferases (ST3GAL1−6 and ST6GAL1−2) and the localization of sialic acids in the Fallopian tube of women with or without ectopic implantation. ST6GAL1 expression was higher in the mid‐secretory phase than the proliferative phase of non‐pregnant women (P < 0.0001), whereas ST6GAL1 (P < 0.0001), ST3GAL3 (P = 0.0029), ST3GAL5 (P = 0.0089), and ST3GAL6 (P = 0.0018) were all lower in Fallopian tubes with ectopic implantations. α2,3‐ and α2,6‐sialic acids, however, both remained enriched on the surface of Fallopian tube epithelium. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancy, was associated with reduced mid‐secretory‐phase expression of ST6GAL1 (P = 0.0298), but elevated expression of ST3GAL5 (P = 0.0006), an enzyme known to be involved in ciliogenesis. Indeed, sialic acid‐containing ciliated inclusion cysts, which are associated with abnormal ciliogenesis, were observed within the epithelium at a higher frequency in women who smoked (P = 0.0177), suggesting that abnormal ciliogenesis is associated with smoking. Thus, cigarette smoking alters sialylation in the Fallopian tube epithelium, and is potentially a source of decreased tubal transport and increased receptivity for blastocyst in the human Fallopian tube. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1083–1091, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.