Geographic information systems. A new tool in environmental epidemiology.
Geographic information systems. A new tool in environmental epidemiology.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00152-6
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ward;Nuckols;Miller
目的：地理信息系统（GIS）是识别潜在环境污染物暴露人群的有用工具。使用地理信息系统，可以描述个人家庭、工作或学校周围的当地环境特征。我们提出了两个例子，说明了确定潜在暴露于农业农药和有毒物质释放清单（TRI）中的有毒物质释放的人群的方法和问题。方法：我们使用美国农业部农业服务局的记录作为地面参考数据，对1984年夏末内布拉斯加州3个县的卫星图像进行作物种类分类。我们在作物图上定位了非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）病例对照研究中的居民，并计算了到农田的距离。绘制了4个NHL研究中心的居住地，并确定了到TRI地点的距离。结果：22%的居民在500米范围内有农田，这是农药施用漂移影响范围的中间距离。在考虑了农药地面施用的主要漂移程度后，我们估计30%的居民可能暴露于作物农药。在4个中心的研究中，比较了地址匹配法和全球定位系统确定的居住地位置；描述了距离特定TRI地点1英里的人口。结论：这些例子证明了地理信息系统在环境流行病学研究中的效用。地理信息系统可作为健康研究中问卷调查和其他接触评估方法的有用补充。
PURPOSE: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are useful tools for identifying populations with potential exposure to environmental contaminants. Using a GIS, features of the local environment around an individual's home, work, or school can be described. We present two examples illustrating methods and issues in identifying populations potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides and to toxic releases from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI).METHODS: We used USDA Farm Service Agency records as ground reference data to classify a late summer 1984 satellite image into crop species in 3 counties in Nebraska. We located residences from a case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) on the crop maps and calculated the distance to crop fields. Residences from a 4-center study of NHL were mapped and the distance to TRI sites was determined.RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of residences had crop fields within 500 meters of the home, an intermediate distance for the range of drift effects from pesticide applications. After accounting for the extent of primary drift from ground applications of pesticides, we estimated that 30 percent of residences were potentially exposed to crop pesticides. In the 4-center study, residence locations determined by address-matching methods and by a global positioning system were compared; the population 1 mile from specific TRI sites is described.CONCLUSIONS: These examples demonstrate the utility of a GIS in environmental epidemiology studies. A GIS can be a useful addition to questionnaire and other methods of exposure assessment in health studies.