Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant diet at 4 months
Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant diet at 4 months
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DOI：
10.1503/cmaj.121189
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发表时间：
2013-03-19
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
Kozyrskyj, Anita L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azad, Meghan B.;Konya, Theodore;Kozyrskyj, Anita L.
背景：肠道微生物区系对人类一生的健康是必不可少的，但对这种微生物群落在婴儿期的获得和发展仍知之甚少。与此同时，人们对发达国家剖腹产率上升和婴儿纯母乳喂养不足越来越感到担忧。在这篇文章中，我们描述了加拿大健康婴儿的肠道微生物区系特征，并描述了剖腹产和配方奶喂养的影响。方法：我们包括来自加拿大健康婴儿纵向发育(CHILL)出生队列的24名足月婴儿的子集。分娩方式从医疗记录中获得，母亲被要求报告婴儿的饮食和药物使用情况。4个月龄时采集粪便标本，采用高通量DNA测序技术对粪便微生物区系组成进行分析。结果：观察到婴儿粪便微生物区系具有高度的变异性。这些剖面一般由放线杆菌(主要是双歧杆菌属)和Firmicius(从许多属中有不同的代表)占据主导地位。与母乳喂养的婴儿相比，配方奶粉喂养的婴儿物种更丰富，艰难梭菌的比例更高。在剖宫产出生的婴儿中，大肠埃希菌-志贺氏菌和类杆菌的比例较低。选择性剖宫产出生的婴儿细菌丰富度和多样性特别低。解释：这些发现促进了我们对健康婴儿肠道微生物区系的理解。它们还为分娩方式和婴儿饮食作为这一重要微生物群落早期生命决定因素的影响提供了新的证据。
Background: The gut microbiota is essential to human health throughout life, yet the acquisition and development of this microbial community during infancy remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, there is increasing concern over rising rates of cesarean delivery and insufficient exclusive breastfeeding of infants in developed countries. In this article, we characterize the gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants and describe the influence of cesarean delivery and formula feeding.Methods: We included a subset of 24 term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Mode of delivery was obtained from medical records, and mothers were asked to report on infant diet and medication use. Fecal samples were collected at 4 months of age, and we characterized the microbiota composition using high-throughput DNA sequencing.Results: We observed high variability in the profiles of fecal microbiota among the infants. The profiles were generally dominated by Actinobacteria (mainly the genus Bifidobacterium) and Firmicutes (with diverse representation from numerous genera). Compared with breastfed infants, formula-fed infants had increased richness of species, with overrepresentation of Clostridium difficile. Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides species were underrepresented in infants born by cesarean delivery. Infants born by elective cesarean delivery had particularly low bacterial richness and diversity.Interpretation: These findings advance our understanding of the gut microbiota in healthy infants. They also provide new evidence for the effects of delivery mode and infant diet as determinants of this essential microbial community in early life.