Hormones and phenotypic plasticity: Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes
Hormones and phenotypic plasticity: Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes
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DOI：
10.1093/czoolo/59.4.506
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kitano, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lema, Sean C.;Kitano, Jun
人们普遍认为，分类群表现出遗传变异的表型可塑性，但许多问题仍然没有回答不同的生态条件下，不同的塑料反应演变。激素是信号分子，通过调节各种细胞、生理和行为反应，作为表型表达的近似介质。激素不仅改变细胞和生理状态，而且直接或间接地影响基因表达，从而将环境条件与表型发育联系起来。研究激素途径如何对环境变化做出反应，以及这些反应在个体、种群和物种之间的差异，可以扩大我们对表型可塑性进化的理解。在这里，我们探索的方式，激素信号的研究提供了新的见解，为个人，人口或物种的可塑性变化的基础。使用几项研究作为范例，我们研究了如何使用“反应规范”方法来研究由性别介导的可塑性，以告知以下内容：1）环境线索如何影响组成任何内分泌信号传导途径的组分激素、受体和酶，2）内分泌相关基因中的遗传和表观遗传变异如何在这些不同组分中产生可塑性变异，以及3）由相同激素介导的表型如何能够通过跨靶组织的信号传导组分的独立塑性响应来耦合和解耦。未来的研究，如反应规范和网络建模的方法，激素如何将环境刺激与生态相关的表型反应的问题，应有助于解开表型可塑性如何演变。
It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environmental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exemplars, we examine how a 'norm of reaction' approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following: 1) how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine signaling pathway, 2) how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3) how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic responses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves.