Ecological Trade-offs between Migration and Reproduction Are Mediated by the Nutrition-Sensitive Insulin-Signaling Pathway.
Ecological Trade-offs between Migration and Reproduction Are Mediated by the Nutrition-Sensitive Insulin-Signaling Pathway.
复制标题
迁移和繁殖之间的生态权衡是由营养敏感的胰岛素信号通路介导的
DOI：
10.7150/ijbs.14802
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Lavine LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin X;Yao Y;Wang B;Emlen DJ;Lavine LC
拥挤和食物供应的变化是影响动物迁徙或繁殖轨迹的两个关键环境条件。许多面临这一挑战的昆虫都进化出了翅膀多种多样。当条件有利于繁殖时，多翅物种产生的成虫要么没有翅膀，要么没有短而没有功能的翅膀。兼性翅的生长反映了由环境条件引发的迁徙和繁殖之间的生理和进化权衡。环境线索如何被转导来产生这些替代形式，以及与之相关的从迁移到繁殖的生态转变，仍然是进化生态学中一个重要的悬而未决的问题。褐飞虱是一种翅多形昆虫，在迁徙和繁殖投资之间表现出强烈的权衡，是亚洲最严重的水稻害虫之一。在这项研究中，我们研究了胰岛素信号通路中四个已知与营养和生长相关的基因的功能，它们是PI3K(PI3K)、PDK1、Akt(蛋白激酶B)和叉头基因FOXO。利用RNA干扰和药物抑制处理相结合的方法，我们证明了这四个基因都参与了这种昆虫翅膀多态发育的组织水平调控。正如预测的那样，通过dsRNA和药物抑制剂Perifosine沉默NlPI3K、NlAkt和NlPDK1导致短翅褐飞虱，而敲除NlFOXO导致长翅褐飞虱。形态计量学分析证实，我们操作的表型模拟了自然界中的情况，即主要参数，如刷毛数量、翅膀面积和体重与非实验动物没有显著差异。综上所述，这些数据暗示了胰岛素信号通路在将环境因素转化为昆虫翅膀生长的条件依赖模式中的作用。
Crowding and changes in food availability are two critical environmental conditions that impact an animal's trajectory toward either migration or reproduction. Many insects facing this challenge have evolved wing polyphenisms. When conditions favor reproduction, wing polyphenic species produce adults that either have no wings or short, non-functional wings. Facultative wing growth reflects a physiological and evolutionary trade-off between migration and reproduction, triggered by environmental conditions. How environmental cues are transduced to produce these alternative forms, and their associated ecological shift from migration to reproduction, remains an important unsolved problem in evolutionary ecology. The brown planthopper, a wing polymorphic insect exhibiting strong trade-offs in investment between migration and reproduction, is one of the most serious rice pests in Asia. In this study, we investigated the function of four genes in the insulin-signaling pathway known to couple nutrition with growth, PI3 Kinase (PI3K), PDK1, Akt (Protein Kinase B), and the forkhead gene FOXO. Using a combination of RNA interference and pharmacological inhibitor treatment, we show that all four genes contribute to tissue level regulation of wing polymorphic development in this insect. As predicted, silencing of the NlPI3K, NlAkt and NlPDK1 through dsRNA and with the pharmacological inhibitor Perifosine resulted in short-winged brown planthoppers, whereas knockdown of NlFOXO resulted in long-winged planthoppers. Morphometric analyses confirm that phenotypes from our manipulations mimic what would be found in nature, i.e., major parameters such as bristle number, wing area and body weight are not significantly different from non-experimental animals. Taken together, these data implicate the insulin-signaling pathway in the transduction of environmental factors into condition-dependent patterns of wing growth in insects.