L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain.
L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-carnitine Roles and Neuroprotection in Developing Brain.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-017-2288-7
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
McKenna MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira GC;McKenna MC
L-肉毒碱的功能是将长链脂肪酰辅酶A转运到线粒体中，通过β-氧化降解。左旋卡尼汀治疗可以改善许多先天性代谢缺陷的代谢失衡。近年来，人们对L-肉碱及其乙酰化衍生物乙酰-L-肉碱（ALCAR）在许多疾病（包括缺氧缺血、创伤性脑损伤、阿尔茨海默病和导致中枢或外周神经系统损伤的病症）中用于神经保护的治疗潜力产生了相当大的兴趣。临床前研究有令人信服的证据表明，L-肉碱和ALCAR可以改善成人，新生儿和儿科脑损伤模型中的能量状态，降低氧化应激并防止随后的细胞死亡。ALCAR可以提供乙酰基部分，其可以被氧化以获得能量，用作乙酰胆碱的前体，或掺入谷氨酸盐、谷氨酰胺和GABA中，或掺入脂质中用于髓鞘形成和细胞生长。在大鼠幼崽脑损伤后给予ALCAR改善了长期功能结局，包括记忆力。需要进一步的研究来更好地探索L-肉碱和ALCAR保护发育中大脑的潜力，因为迫切需要可以改善新生儿和儿科脑损伤后结果的治疗方法。
L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. Treatment with L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalance in many inborn errors of metabolism. In recent years there has been considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine and its acetylated derivative acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) for neuroprotection in a number of disorders including hypoxia-ischemia, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease and in conditions leading to central or peripheral nervous system injury. There is compelling evidence from preclinical studies that L-carnitine and ALCAR can improve energy status, decrease oxidative stress and prevent subsequent cell death in models of adult, neonatal and pediatric brain injury. ALCAR can provide an acetyl moiety that can be oxidized for energy, used as a precursor for acetylcholine, or incorporated into glutamate, glutamine and GABA, or into lipids for myelination and cell growth. Administration of ALCAR after brain injury in rat pups improved long-term functional outcomes, including memory. Additional studies are needed to better explore the potential of L-carnitine and ALCAR for protection of developing brain as there is an urgent need for therapies that can improve outcome after neonatal and pediatric brain injury.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04425.x
发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.122
发表时间：
2008-11-14
影响因子：
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作者：
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