Fast attainment of computer cursor control with noninvasively acquired brain signals
Fast attainment of computer cursor control with noninvasively acquired brain signals
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DOI：
10.1088/1741-2560/8/3/036010
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Contreras-Vidal, Jose L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradberry, Trent J.;Gentili, Rodolphe J.;Contreras-Vidal, Jose L.
脑机接口（BCI）系统允许人类和非人类灵长类动物仅凭思想就能驱动计算机光标和人工手臂等假肢设备。侵入性脑机接口系统通过颅内或硬膜下电极获取神经信号，而非侵入性脑机接口系统通常通过头皮脑电图（EEG）获取神经信号。有创脑机接口系统的一些缺点是手术固有的风险和信号完整性的逐渐退化。非侵入性脑机接口系统用于光标的二维控制，特别是那些基于感觉运动节奏的系统，其局限性在于用户需要较长的训练时间才能达到令人满意的性能。在这里，我们描述了一种新颖的方法，在BCI实验中连续解码脑电信号中的想象运动，减少了训练时间。我们证明，使用我们的非侵入性脑机接口系统和观察学习，受试者能够完成光标的二维控制，其性能水平与侵入性脑机接口系统相当。与其他无创脑机接口系统的研究相比，训练时间大大缩短，只需要一次解码器校准（约20分钟）和受试者练习（约20分钟）。此外，我们使用标准化的低分辨率脑电磁断层扫描来揭示编码观察到的光标运动的神经源可能涉及人类镜像神经元系统。这些发现提供了不需要长时间训练或手术就可以用意念持续控制复杂设备（如机械臂）的可能性。
Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are allowing humans and non-human primates to drive prosthetic devices such as computer cursors and artificial arms with just their thoughts. Invasive BCI systems acquire neural signals with intracranial or subdural electrodes, while noninvasive BCI systems typically acquire neural signals with scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Some drawbacks of invasive BCI systems are the inherent risks of surgery and gradual degradation of signal integrity. A limitation of noninvasive BCI systems for two-dimensional control of a cursor, in particular those based on sensorimotor rhythms, is the lengthy training time required by users to achieve satisfactory performance. Here we describe a novel approach to continuously decoding imagined movements from EEG signals in a BCI experiment with reduced training time. We demonstrate that, using our noninvasive BCI system and observational learning, subjects were able to accomplish two-dimensional control of a cursor with performance levels comparable to those of invasive BCI systems. Compared to other studies of noninvasive BCI systems, training time was substantially reduced, requiring only a single session of decoder calibration (similar to 20 min) and subject practice (similar to 20 min). In addition, we used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography to reveal that the neural sources that encoded observed cursor movement may implicate a human mirror neuron system. These findings offer the potential to continuously control complex devices such as robotic arms with one's mind without lengthy training or surgery.