Production of extracellular enzymes and degradation of biopolymers by saprotrophic microfungi from the upper layers of forest soil
Production of extracellular enzymes and degradation of biopolymers by saprotrophic microfungi from the upper layers of forest soil
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-010-0324-3
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Valaskova, Vendula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldrian, Petr;Voriskova, Jana;Valaskova, Vendula
对从栎林土壤中分离到的29株非担子菌微真菌的胞外酶的产生情况进行了研究。分离到的菌株以子囊菌为主，分属于顶盖菌属、交链孢属、枝孢菌属、地霉属、菌丝菌属、枝孢霉属和青霉菌属(18株)，2株为接合菌。只有6株菌株具有较低的苯酚氧化活性，没有一株菌株能够降解腐植酸。大约一半的菌株能够降解纤维素，除了六个菌株外，所有菌株都能降解甲壳素。大多数菌株产生大量的纤维素酶、纤维二糖水解酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶，以及几丁质酶、几丁糖苷酶和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶。纤维素酶活性最高的是青霉，几丁质水解酶活性最高的是顶顶藻。半纤维素降解酶α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和α-甘露糖苷酶的产量大多较低。在Biolog(TM)测试中测试的95种简单含碳底物中，微型真菌菌株能够在41-87种范围内显著生长，对于所有菌株来说，单糖是代谢最快的碳源。与相同环境中腐生型担子菌的比较表明，微真菌具有相似的纤维素分解能力和更高的几丁质酶活性，这证明它们在分解木质纤维素和死亡真菌生物量这两个重要的土壤碳库方面发挥了积极作用。
Production of extracellular enzymes participating in the degradation of biopolymers was studied in 29 strains of nonbasidiomycetous microfungi isolated from Quercus petraea forest soil based on the frequency of occurrence. Most of the isolates were ascomycetes and belonged to the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Geomyces, Hypocrea, Myrothecium, Ochrocladosporium, and Penicillium (18 isolates), and two isolates were zygomycetes. Only six isolates showed phenol oxidation activity which was low and none of the strains were able to degrade humic acids. Approximately half of the strains were able to degrade cellulose and all but six degraded chitin. Most strains produced significant amounts of the cellulolytic enzymes cellobiohydrolase and beta-glucosidase and the chitinolytic enzymes chitinase, chitobiosidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase. The highest cellulase activities were found in Penicillium strains, and the highest activity of chitinolytic enzymes was found in Acremonium sp. The production of the hemicellulose-degrading enzymes alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and alpha-mannosidase was mostly low. The microfungal strains were able to produce significant growth on a range of 41-87, out of 95 simple C-containing substrates tested in a Biolog (TM) assay, monosaccharides being for all strains the most rapidly metabolized C-sources. Comparison with saprotrophic basidiomycetes from the same environment showed that microfungi have similar cellulolytic capabilities and higher chitinase activities which testifies for their active role in the decomposition of both lignocellulose and dead fungal biomass, important pools of soil carbon.