A Systemic Perspective of ADR in Latin America: Enhancing the Shadow of the Law through Citizen Participation
A Systemic Perspective of ADR in Latin America: Enhancing the Shadow of the Law through Citizen Participation
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拉丁美洲 ADR 的系统视角：通过公民参与增强法律的影响力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mariana D. Hernandez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mariana D. Hernandez
在美国，替代性纠纷解决办法一般是在法律的框架内作为司法机关的替代办法，在所谓的法律阴影下运作。然而，这一假设在大多数拉丁美洲国家并不成立。也就是说，在拉丁美洲，替代性纠纷解决办法通常不是一种真正的替代办法，因为它的运作没有实际的司法选择，没有法律的有效影子。在缺乏有效运作的法院的纠纷解决系统中推广ADR只会加剧诉诸司法的问题，因为它创造了三个司法层次：私人仲裁，为那些负担得起仲裁员的人;司法系统，为那些负担得起律师的人;调解中心，为那些负担不起的人。本文论述了加强拉丁美洲法律影响的必要性，这对于优化该区域有效的争议解决制度是必要的。本文首先讨论了拉丁美洲法律的苍白阴影问题。它讨论了拉丁美洲的法律的改革努力，并建议系统性的视角可以有效地联系并加强司法改革努力和ADR的推广。第二，该条提出了一个系统性的改革框架，以加强拉丁美洲明确界定的法律影子，其中包括三个要素：可持续的国内法、有效的执法机制和支持性的社会规范。本文件着重于这些要素中的第一个要素，即可持续的国内法，并建议建立共识作为制定国内法的一种可取方法。最后，本文得出结论，通过公民参与加强法律的影子是必不可少的，以优化纠纷解决机制在拉丁美洲。[Note：本文参考“弗兰克·桑德教授和玛丽安娜·埃尔南德斯·克雷斯波教授探讨多门法院演变的对话”，可在http：//ssrn.com/abstract=1265221上查阅]
In the United States, ADR generally works as an alternative to the judiciary within the framework of the legal system, operating under what has been described as the shadow of the law. However, this assumption does not hold in most Latin American countries. That is, in Latin America, ADR usually is not a true alternative because it operates without a practical judicial option, without an effective shadow of the law. The promotion of ADR in dispute resolution systems that lack functional and effective courts has only exacerbated problems of access to justice by creating three tiers of justice: private arbitration, for those who can afford an arbiter; the justice system, for those who can afford a lawyer; and mediation centers, for those who can afford neither. The present article addresses the need to enhance the shadow of the law in Latin America, which is necessary to optimize effective dispute resolution systems in the region. This Article first addresses the issue of a pale shadow of the law in Latin America. It discusses the legal reform efforts in Latin America, and suggests that a systemic perspective could effectively link together and strengthen judicial reform efforts and the promotion of ADR. Second, this Article proposes a systemic reform framework for the enhancement of a well-defined shadow of the law in Latin America that includes three elements: sustainable domestic laws, a functional enforcement mechanism, and supportive social norms. This paper focuses on the first of these elements, sustainable domestic laws, and suggests consensus building as a preferable method for their creation. Finally, this Article concludes that enhancing the shadow of the law through citizen participation is essential to optimize dispute resolution systems in Latin America. [Note: This article refers to "A Dialogue between Professors Frank Sander and Mariana Hernandez Crespo Exploring the Evolution of the Multi-door Courthouse", which can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1265221]