Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina).
Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina).
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.116.199216
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Louis EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dujon BA;Louis EJ
在过去的十年中，我们对酵母基因组及其进化的理解取得了相当大的进展，对许多物种，菌株或不同来源的分离株进行了测序，分析和比较。酵母在自然环境和人工制造中所起的作用，以及某些物种作为模型实验系统的重要性，使这一努力得以持续。与此同时，它们巨大的进化多样性（在Dikarya的每个亚门中都有酵母物种）引发了人们的好奇心，但需要进一步努力获得适当的参考基因组。如今，酵母基因组已经提供了有关进化、物种形成、杂交、驯化的基本机制以及它们背后的分子机制的非常丰富的信息。它们对于深入研究基因型与表型之间的复杂关系具有不可替代的理论和实践意义。这篇评论探讨了这些问题在两个不同的水平提供了广泛的进化范围的酵母：内最好的研究酵母属物种复杂的，并在整个和多样化的亚门的酵母菌。虽然在不同的尺度上明显揭示了进化历史，但数据收敛到一个非常连贯的画面，其中人们可以估计内在基因组动态的相对重要性，包括基因的出生和丢失，与水平遗传事故在种群的形成。新的酵母基因组，现在可以研究的设施，结合已经有许多可用的参考基因组，提供特权的观点，进一步研究这些基本的生物学问题，酵母作为真核生物模型和真菌的实际重要性。
Considerable progress in our understanding of yeast genomes and their evolution has been made over the last decade with the sequencing, analysis, and comparisons of numerous species, strains, or isolates of diverse origins. The role played by yeasts in natural environments as well as in artificial manufactures, combined with the importance of some species as model experimental systems sustained this effort. At the same time, their enormous evolutionary diversity (there are yeast species in every subphylum of Dikarya) sparked curiosity but necessitated further efforts to obtain appropriate reference genomes. Today, yeast genomes have been very informative about basic mechanisms of evolution, speciation, hybridization, domestication, as well as about the molecular machineries underlying them. They are also irreplaceable to investigate in detail the complex relationship between genotypes and phenotypes with both theoretical and practical implications. This review examines these questions at two distinct levels offered by the broad evolutionary range of yeasts: inside the best-studied Saccharomyces species complex, and across the entire and diversified subphylum of Saccharomycotina. While obviously revealing evolutionary histories at different scales, data converge to a remarkably coherent picture in which one can estimate the relative importance of intrinsic genome dynamics, including gene birth and loss, vs. horizontal genetic accidents in the making of populations. The facility with which novel yeast genomes can now be studied, combined with the already numerous available reference genomes, offer privileged perspectives to further examine these fundamental biological questions using yeasts both as eukaryotic models and as fungi of practical importance.