Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences
Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences
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DOI：
10.1017/s0048577201393198
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gross, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gross, JJ
人生最大的挑战之一就是成功地调节情绪。是否有些情绪调节策略比其他策略更有可取之处？根据Gross （1998, Review of General Psychology, 2,271 -299）的情绪调节过程模型，在情绪生成过程中早期采取行动的策略与在后期采取行动的策略会产生不同的结果。本文综述了两种常用的情绪下调策略。第一个是重新评估，它出现在情绪生成过程的早期。它包括改变对情况的解释方式，以减少其情绪影响。第二种，抑制，发生在情绪生成过程的后期。它包括抑制内心情感的外在表现。实验和个体差异研究发现，重新评价往往比抑制更有效。重新评价降低了情绪体验和行为表达，对记忆没有影响。相比之下，抑制减少了行为表达，但没有减少情绪体验，实际上损害了记忆。抑制也会增加对抑制者及其社会伙伴的生理反应。最后，对未来情绪调节研究的五个重要方向进行了展望。
One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others'? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual-difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, Suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.