Role of grooming in biological control of ticks
Role of grooming in biological control of ticks
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05337.x
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hart, BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hart, BL
虽然许多野生牛科动物生活在蜱虫出没的环境中，但蜱虫负荷通常保持在非常低的水平，主要是通过频繁的自我梳理。来自非洲羚羊的大量研究的证据强烈支持这样一个概念，即一轮又一轮的梳理反映了程序化的梳理，而不是刺激驱动或反应性的梳理。换句话说，理毛是响应于内源性发生器而发生的，该内源性发生器以周期性间隔产生理毛发作，导致在蜱附着并开始进食之前去除蜱。在相同的蜱虫暴露环境中，梳理最多的动物有最少的蜱虫。程序化理毛的速率受许多种间和种内决定因素的调节。种间决定因素包括成虫的体型大小以及进化栖息地是蜱虫密集还是蜱虫稀疏。种内决定因素包括生长的发育阶段、性别（例如，领土男性与女性），体外寄生虫暴露，和唤醒阶段。一些种内决定因素似乎是介导的全身生理影响，这表明可能有方法来提高梳理活动弱美容，如牛。
Although many species of wild bovids live in tick infested environments, tick loads are usually kept to very low levels, primarily by frequent self grooming. Evidence from numerous studies on antelope in Africa strongly support the concept that the delivery of bouts of grooming reflects programmed grooming rather than stimulus driven or reactive grooming. In other words, grooming occurs in response to an endogenous generator that produces grooming bouts at periodic intervals, resulting in removal of ticks before they attach and begin to feed. In the same tick exposure environment, animals that groom most have the fewest ticks. The rate of programmed grooming is modulated by a number of interspecific and intraspecific determinants. Interspecific determinants include adult body size and whether or not the evolutionary habitat is tick dense or tick sparse. Intraspecific determinants include developmental stage of growth, gender (e.g., territorial male vs. female), ectoparasite exposure, and stage of arousal. Some of the intraspecific determinants appear to be mediated by systemic physiological influences suggesting there may be ways to improve grooming activity in weak groomers, such as cattle.