Risk factors for trachoma in Mali
Risk factors for trachoma in Mali
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/31.1.194
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Banou, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schémann, JF;Sacko, D;Banou, A
目的在马里开展消除致盲性沙眼运动之前，于1996年3月至1997年6月进行了一次全国疾病流行率调查。沙眼的患病率估计和潜在的危险因素进行了studied.Methods在每个马里的7个地区（不包括首都巴马科），30个集群的样本，从一般人群中，按照概率的原则与社会的大小成正比。所有10岁以下的儿童都接受了检查。采用世界卫生组织提出的简化临床编码系统。确定了每个村庄的位置，并随后将其与最近的气象站联系起来。在村庄和家庭两级收集社会经济和环境信息。每个孩子的母亲或看护人都被问及是否有水和如何使用水来给孩子洗澡。在检查时，面部清洁度和苍蝇的存在在脸上noted.Results共15 187名儿童10岁以下的年龄进行了检查。活动性沙眼（滤泡性[TF]或重度沙眼[TI]）的患病率为34.9%（95%CI：32.3-37.6），TI的患病率为4.2%（95%CI：3.5-5.0）。干旱/环境干燥似乎是影响目前沙眼地理分布的一个危险因素。小村庄的沙眼患病率比大村庄高得多。距离医疗中心较近以及存在妇女协会等社会组织与较低的沙眼发病率有关。拥挤的生活条件增加了风险。使用财富的货币标记，我们观察到财富和沙眼患病率之间的线性反比关系。脏脸的存在与沙眼密切相关（比值比[OR] = 3.67），孩子脸上有苍蝇（OR = 3.62）。沙眼患病率随着与水源距离的增加而增加。疾病患病率下降的频率较高的洗脸和bathing.Conclusions检查的所有危险因素中，面部清洁度与沙眼的患病率最强的关联。随后，孩子的脸上出现了苍蝇。洗脸和洗澡都显示出有益的效果。社会经济因素，如财富是显着的解释。卫生教育和通过改善环境控制苍蝇可能对马里沙眼的流行产生非常显著的影响。
Objectives Prior to commencing a campaign to eliminate blinding trachoma in Mali, a national disease prevalence survey was conducted from March 1996 to June 1997. The prevalence of trachoma was estimated and potential risk factors were studied.Methods In each of Mali's seven regions (excluding the capital Bamako), a sample of 30 clusters was taken from the general population, in accordance with the principle of probability proportional to the size of the community. All children under 10 years of age were examined. The simplified clinical coding system proposed by the World Health Organization was used. The position of each village was established and subsequently related to the nearest meteorological station. Socioeconomic and environmental information was collected at both village and household level. The mother or caretaker of each child was questioned about availability and use of water for washing the child. At the time of examination, facial cleanliness and the presence of flies on the face were noted.Results A total of 15 187 children under 10 years of age were examined. The prevalence of active trachoma (follicular [TF] or intense trachoma [TI]) was 34.9% (95% CI : 32.3-37.6) and the prevalence of TI was 4.2% (95% CI: 3.5-5.0). Aridity/environmental dryness appears to be a risk factor influencing the current geographical distribution of trachoma. Small villages had considerably higher trachoma prevalence than their larger neighbours. The proximity of a medical centre and the existence of social organizations such as a women's association were associated with lower levels of trachoma. Crowded living conditions increased the risk. Using a monetary marker of wealth, we observed a linear inverse relation between wealth and trachoma prevalence. The presence of a dirty face was strongly associated with trachoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.67) as was the presence of flies on the child's face (OR = 3.62). Trachoma prevalence increased with distance to a water source. Disease prevalence decreased with a higher frequency of both face washing and bathing.Conclusions Of all the risk factors examined, facial cleanliness had the strongest association with the prevalence of trachoma. This was followed by the presence of flies on the child's face. Both face washing and bathing showed beneficial effects. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth were significantly explanatory. It is likely that hygiene education and fly control by environmental improvement could have a very significant impact on the prevalence of trachoma in Mali.