Land‐Atmosphere Responses to a Total Solar Eclipse in Three Ecosystems With Contrasting Structure and Physiology
Land‐Atmosphere Responses to a Total Solar Eclipse in Three Ecosystems With Contrasting Structure and Physiology
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具有对比结构和生理学的三个生态系统中的陆地-大气对日全食的响应
DOI：
10.1029/2018jd029630
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Speck, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood, J. D.;Sadler, E. J.;Fox, N. I.;Greer, S. T.;Gu, L.;Guinan, P. E.;Lupo, A. R.;Market, P. S.;Rochette, S. M.;Speck, A.
密苏里州中部在2017年日全食期间的太阳正午附近经历了长达2分40秒的全食。我们进行了中密苏里州日食气象学实验，以研究日食期间的陆地-大气相互作用。在这里，研究日食的反应在三个对比的生态系统（森林，草原和大豆）进行了描述。在第一次和第四次接触周围存在可变的混浊（即，在森林和草原的部分太阳遮蔽的开始和结束）;然而，日食期间的太阳辐照度（K↓）信号相对干净。不幸的是，大豆田的日食强迫被对流活动所污染，对流活动在第一次接触前约1小时开始降低K ↓，并在第二次接触前约30分钟将大豆田暴露于冷外流。在日食期间，所有地点的湍流都受到抑制;然而，在阵风锋通过期间，大豆田的信号也被放大。森林（空气动力学粗糙）的水平和垂直风速以及摩擦速度的标准差降低了约75%，草原（空气动力学平稳）降低了约60%。涡动能量通量与太阳强迫高度相关，潜热通量和感热通量分别接近0 W/m2和方向变化。对于草原站点，我们估计了10分钟的表面电导光响应的冠层尺度时间常数。虽然日食对地表能量平衡产生了很大的影响，但由于没有地形影响以及相对潮湿的陆地和大气，气温的反应相对温和（下降1.5-2.5 °C）。
Mid‐Missouri experienced up to 2 min 40 s of totality at around solar noon during the total eclipse of 2017. We conducted the Mid‐Missouri Eclipse Meteorology Experiment to examine land‐atmosphere interactions during the eclipse. Here, research examining the eclipse responses in three contrasting ecosystems (forest, prairie, and soybeans) is described. There was variable cloudiness around first and fourth contacts (i.e., the start and end of partial solar obscuration) at the forest and prairie; however, solar irradiance (K↓) signals during the eclipse were relatively clean. Unfortunately, the eclipse forcing at the soybean field was contaminated by convective activity, which decreasedK↓beginning about an hour before first contact and exposed the field to cold outflow ~30 min before second contact. Turbulence was suppressed during the eclipse at all sites; however, there was also an amplified signal at the soybean field during the passage of a gust front. The standard deviations of the horizontal and vertical wind velocities and friction velocities decreased by ~75% at the forest (aerodynamically rough), and ~60% at the prairie (aerodynamically smooth). The eddy fluxes of energy were highly coherent with the solar forcing with the latent and sensible heat fluxes approaching 0 W/m2and changing in direction, respectively. For the prairie site, we estimated a canopy‐scale time constant for the surface conductance light response of 10 min. Although the eclipse imparted large forcings on surface energy balances, the air temperature response was relatively muted (1.5–2.5 °C decrease) due to the absence of topographic effects and the relatively moist land and atmosphere.
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1972 年 7 月 10 日日食期间北极地点的辐射和能量预算
DOI：
10.2307/1550088
发表时间：
1974
期刊：
Arctic and alpine research
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Stewart;W. Rouse
通讯作者：
W. Rouse
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
R. Desjardins;D. Worth;E. Pattey;A. VanderZaag;R. Srinivasan;M. Mauder;D. Worthy;C. Sweeney;S. Metzger
通讯作者：
R. Desjardins;D. Worth;E. Pattey;A. VanderZaag;R. Srinivasan;M. Mauder;D. Worthy;C. Sweeney;S. Metzger
2017 年日食期间俄克拉荷马州中北部陆地大气系统的响应
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
D. Turner;V. Wulfmeyer;A. Behrendt;T. Bonin;A. Choukulkar;R. Newsom;W. Brewer;D. Cook
通讯作者：
D. Cook
森林中涡流测量中 CO2 存储的偏差与剖面系统的垂直配置和 CO2 密度平均相关
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bai Yang;P. Hanson;J. Riggs;S. Pallardy;M. Heuer;K. P. Hosman;T. Meyers;S. Wullschleger;L. Gu
通讯作者：
L. Gu
2017年8月21日日全食的气象影响
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
S. Burt
通讯作者：
S. Burt