Enhanced stereoselectivity of a Cu(II) complex chiral auxiliary in the synthesis of Fmoc-L-γ-carboxyglutamic acid.

Enhanced stereoselectivity of a Cu(II) complex chiral auxiliary in the synthesis of Fmoc-L-γ-carboxyglutamic acid.
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DOI:
10.1021/jo101940k
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发表时间:
2011-03-18
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Schneider, Joel P.
Schneider, Joel P.
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith, Daniel J.;Yap, Glenn P. A.;Kelley, James A.;Schneider, Joel P.

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L-γ-羧基谷氨酸 (Gla) 是一种不常见的氨基酸,可与矿物质表面和金属离子紧密结合。在此,我们报道了 N-α-Fmoc-L-γ-羧基谷氨酸-γ,γ'-叔丁基酯 (Fmoc-Gla(OtBu)2-OH) 的合成,这是一种基于 Fmoc 的固相肽合成的适当保护的类似物。该残留物是使用新型手性 Cu(II) 络合物合成的,其基于结构的设计受到蓝铜蛋白 rusticyanin 的启发。五配位络合物是在铜存在下通过甘氨酸和新型配体(S)-2-(N-(2-甲硫基)-苄基脯氨酰)-氨基二苯甲酮之间形成希夫碱而形成的。亚甲基丙二酸二叔丁酯与复合物甘氨酸部分的 α-碳的迈克尔加成以非对映选择性方式发生。所得的(S,S)复合非对映异构体可以很容易地通过色谱法纯化。金属络合物分解后进行 Fmoc 保护,得到对映体纯的氨基酸。利用这种新型手性配合物,由硫代水杨酸通过九个步骤完成了Fmoc-Gla(OtBu)2-OH的不对称合成,总产率为14.5%。
L-γ-Carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is an uncommon amino acid that binds avidly to mineral surfaces and metal ions. Herein, we report the synthesis of N-α-Fmoc-L-γ-carboxyglutamic acid-γ,γ’-tert-butyl ester (Fmoc-Gla(OtBu)2-OH), a suitably protected analog for Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis. The residue was synthesized using a novel chiral Cu(II) complex, whose structure-based design was inspired by the blue copper protein rusticyanin. The five-coordinate complex is formed by Shiff base formation between glycine and the novel ligand (S)-2-(N-(2-methylthio)-benzylprolyl)-aminobenzophenone in the presence of copper. Michael addition of di-tert-butyl methylenemalonate to the α-carbon of the glycine portion of the complex occurs in a diastereoselective fashion. The resulting (S,S) complex diastereomer can be easily purified by chromatography. Metal complex decomposition followed by Fmoc protection affords the enantiomerically pure amino acid. With the use of this novel chiral complex, the asymmetric synthesis of Fmoc-Gla(OtBu)2-OH was completed in nine steps from thiosalicylic acid in 14.5% overall yield.
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