Mitochondria and Viral Infection: Advances and Emerging Battlefronts.
Mitochondria and Viral Infection: Advances and Emerging Battlefronts.
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线粒体和病毒感染：进展和新兴的战线。
DOI：
10.1128/mbio.02096-21
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发表时间：
2022-02-22
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Hancks DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sorouri M;Chang T;Hancks DC
线粒体是动态细胞器，对能量产生至关重要，现在人们认识到线粒体在免疫防御中的作用。在微生物感染期间，线粒体作为信号枢纽诱导免疫反应，以对抗病毒等入侵病原体。线粒体功能是多种抗病毒反应的中心，包括细胞凋亡和I型干扰素信号(IFN-I)。虽然细胞凋亡和由线粒体抗病毒信号(MAV)介导的干扰素-I是公认的防御措施，但线粒体生物学的新维度正在出现，成为病毒感染的前线。越来越明显的是，线粒体是触发免疫反应的不同信号的储存库，线粒体形态的变化也可能导致感染结果。此外，新的数据预示着该细胞器经典的动态平衡方面作为宿主-病毒界面的关键作用，即三羧酸(TCA)循环和电子传输链(ETC)复合体，如呼吸超复合体。越来越多的病毒编码抑制物，包括来自细胞基因的拮抗这些功能的模拟物，突显了在病毒感染中“管家”线粒体活动的重要性。例如，最近在DNA病毒基因组中发现了ETC因子和来自TCA循环的几种酶的病毒日志，并用于精确定位感染期间的新漏洞。在这里，我们重点介绍与线粒体相关的已知抗病毒功能的最新进展，以及下一个战场可能是基于病毒效应器的地方。总而言之，未来几年的新方法和机械论见解将加强我们对古老的分子休战如何继续保护细胞免受病毒攻击的理解。
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles vital for energy production with now appreciated roles in immune defense. During microbial infection, mitochondria serve as signaling hubs to induce immune responses to counteract invading pathogens like viruses. Mitochondrial functions are central to a variety of antiviral responses including apoptosis and type I interferon signaling (IFN-I). While apoptosis and IFN-I mediated by mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) are well-established defenses, new dimensions of mitochondrial biology are emerging as battlefronts during viral infection. Increasingly, it has become apparent that mitochondria serve as reservoirs for distinct cues that trigger immune responses and that alterations in mitochondrial morphology may also tip infection outcomes. Furthermore, new data are foreshadowing pivotal roles for classic, homeostatic facets of this organelle as host-virus interfaces, namely, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes like respiratory supercomplexes. Underscoring the importance of “housekeeping” mitochondrial activities in viral infection is the growing list of viral-encoded inhibitors including mimics derived from cellular genes that antagonize these functions. For example, virologs for ETC factors and several enzymes from the TCA cycle have been recently identified in DNA virus genomes and serve to pinpoint new vulnerabilities during infection. Here, we highlight recent advances for known antiviral functions associated with mitochondria as well as where the next battlegrounds may be based on viral effectors. Collectively, new methodology and mechanistic insights over the coming years will strengthen our understanding of how an ancient molecular truce continues to defend cells against viruses.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2101675118
发表时间：
2021-08-10
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Cristea, Ileana M.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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