Restoration of rain forest beneath pine plantations: A relay floristic model with special application to tropical South Asia
Restoration of rain forest beneath pine plantations: A relay floristic model with special application to tropical South Asia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.043
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tomimura, Chisato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashton, Mark S.;Gunatilleke, C. V. S.;Tomimura, Chisato
在斯里兰卡西南部和印度西高止山脉的潮湿森林地区，加勒比松是公共土地上重新造林的常见树种，这些土地最初是为了农业而清除的原生森林，但后来成功地种植了耐火草和蕨类植物。这种重新造林大部分发生在1970年代和1980年代。生态学文献表明，在许多温带阔叶林地区，松树是老田地早期演替的重要组成部分，在其下，第二次生长的硬木可以建立并最终占主导地位。最近的研究表明，在各种外来树木种植园下建立了原生雨林再生。我们回顾了近25年的研究，这一主题为南亚通过一系列的研究在斯里兰卡西南部。结果表明，本地物种招聘的先锋和网站通才后期演替树木生长良好，异国情调的松树人工林。多样性和密度从种植园内部到边缘逐渐增加。保护地面层火灾是促进松树下更新补充的最重要的组成部分。建立后期演替的网站和扩散限制物种需要种植松树下，而不是依赖于自然建立。最好的建立和增长发生在开放的树冠松树行已被删除。考虑种植的树种包括森林中主要的晚熟树冠树种，包括龙脑香属、Shorea（龙脑香科）和Mesua（Clusiaceae）。生产非木材森林产品的本地物种需要在树冠开口处种植，以获得最佳效果。最有价值的NTFP包括糖棕榈（Caryota urens）、棕榈（Calamus spp.）和一种药用藤本植物（窗叶卷蕨）。财务分析表明，与单独种植茶叶的土地相比，丰富种植和种植雨林木材和非木材树种的松树人工林可以提供上级经济效益。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In the wet forest regions of southwest Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats, India, Pinus caribaea was a common tree species for reforestation on public lands that were originally cleared of native forest for agriculture but subsequently succeeded to fire tolerant grasses and ferns. Much of this reforestation occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. The ecological literature suggests that in many temperate broadleaf forest regions pine is an important component of early succession on old fields, beneath which second growth hardwood can establish and eventually dominate. More recent studies have demonstrated the establishment of native rain forest regeneration beneath a variety of exotic tree plantations. We review nearly twenty-five years of research on this topic for South Asia through a series of studies done in southwest Sri Lanka. Results demonstrate that native species recruitment of both pioneers and site generalist late-successional trees grow well beneath exotic pine plantations. Diversity and density increase from plantation interior to edge. Protection from groundstory fire is the single most important component of promoting regeneration recruitment beneath pine. Establishing late-successional site and dispersal restricted species requires planting beneath pine rather than reliance on natural establishment. Best establishment and growth occur in openings where rows of canopy pine have been removed. Species considered for planting comprise the major late-successional canopy tree species of the forest in the genera Dipterocarpus, Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) and Mesua (Clusiaceae). Native species that produce non-timber forest products (NTFP) need to be planted with best results in canopy openings. The most valuable NTFP's comprise a sugar palm (Caryota urens), rattan (Calamus spp.) and a medicinal liana (Coscinium fenestratum). Financial analyses reveal that pine plantations that are enrichment planted and cultivated with rain forest timber and non-timber species can provide superior economic benefits as compared to land cultivated singly for tea. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.