Indicators of climate change impacts on the water cycle and water management
Indicators of climate change impacts on the water cycle and water management
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-021-03057-5
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
C. Peters-Lidard;K. Rose;J. Kiang;M. Strobel;M. Anderson;A. Byrd;M. Kolian;L. Brekke;D. Arndt
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Peters-Lidard;K. Rose;J. Kiang;M. Strobel;M. Anderson;A. Byrd;M. Kolian;L. Brekke;D. Arndt
水资源管理是一项最重要的社会和经济责任，随着气候变化以及其他人类活动改变水的供应和质量，预计水资源管理将变得更加重要。为了适当管理水资源，需要反映气候变化对美国和全球水循环影响的强有力指标。在这里，我们描述了一套17个水循环和管理指标，这是基于现有数据集的综合。这些指标包括平均降水量和强降水量、标准化降水指数、年、7天最低和3天最高径流量、径流时间、积雪、雪水当量、地下水位、湖水温度、河水温度、溶解氧、盐度、帕尔默干旱严重程度指数、取水量和用水量。我们还确定了三个指标，可以包括在套件的水循环和管理指标与一些额外的，有针对性的工作：降雪，蒸散量和土壤湿度。我们的概念框架侧重于已知的水循环变化，以及对管理的潜在影响，并解决水的数量和质量，以及水的使用和与淡水生态系统的相关相互作用，社会影响和管理。水循环指标分为三类：（1）水文过程，（2）水质过程，（3）水质和水量影响。建议将此处所述指标作为定期气候评估的重要参考。因此，这些指标有助于分析全球变化对自然环境、农业、能源和水资源等部门的影响。此外，我们还确定了可以解决的研究差距和需求，以推动未来指标的发展。
Managing water is a top social and economic responsibility and is expected to become even more critical as climate change, in addition to other human activities, alters water availability and quality. Robust indicators reflecting the effects of climate change on the US and global water cycles are needed in order to appropriately manage water resources. Here, we describe a suite of seventeen water cycle and management indicators, which are based on synthesis of available datasets. These indicators include average and heavy precipitation, standardized precipitation index, annual, 7-day low and 3-day high streamflow volume, streamflow timing, snow cover, snow water equivalent, groundwater level, lake water temperature, stream water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, Palmer Drought Severity Index, water withdrawals, and water use. We also identify three indicators that could be included in the suite of water cycle and management indicators with some additional, directed work: snowfall, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. Our conceptual framework focuses on known water cycle changes in addition to potential effects on management and addresses water quantity and quality, as well as water use and related interactions with freshwater ecosystems, societal impacts, and management. Water cycle indicators are organized into three categories: (1) hydrologic processes, (2) water quality processes, and (3) water quality and quantity impacts. Indicators described here are recommended to serve as critical references for periodic climate assessments. As such, these indicators support analyses of the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy, and water resources, among other sectors. Additionally, we identify research gaps and needs that can be addressed to advance the development of future indicators.