Monitoring marine recreational water quality using multiple microbial indicators in an urban tropical environment
Monitoring marine recreational water quality using multiple microbial indicators in an urban tropical environment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.044
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Elmir, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shibata, T;Solo-Gabriele, HM;Elmir, S
采用多种微生物指标对美国佛罗里达迈阿密戴德县Hobie海滩和Crandon海滩的微生物水质进行了测定，以评价微生物之间的相关性，并确定可能的污染源。本研究选择的指示菌（肠球菌、大肠杆菌、粪大肠菌群、总大肠菌群和C.产气荚膜杆菌）通过三种不同的取样努力进行评价。这些努力包括在雨季和旱季的四个地点每天进行测量，在低潮和高潮期间进行空间密集的水取样，以及进行沙子取样。结果表明，一种指示微生物和另一种指示微生物之间的浓度变化不一致。每日水质经常超过指导方针的水平，在霍比海滩的所有指标微生物，除了粪大肠菌群，这从来没有超过指导方针。除了总大肠菌群，微生物的浓度并没有显着的季节变化，尽管事实上，物理化学参数（降雨量，温度，pH值和盐度）之间的变化显着的两个监测期间。空间密集的水采样表明，微生物的浓度显着不同的距离，从海岸线。在海岸线观测到的浓度最高，而在近海观测到的浓度则有所下降。此外，在涨潮时，当海滩的冲刷区被淹没时，观察到指示微生物浓度的最高浓度。冲洗区内的海滩砂对所有指示微生物检测呈阳性，从而表明该区域可能是指示微生物的来源。该区域指示微生物的最终来源可能包括人类，动物，以及由于该区域内发现的独特环境条件而可能存在的指示微生物的生存和再生长。总的来说，这项研究的结果表明，指示微生物的浓度不一定相互关联。水质指标是否超标，以及海滩污染的频率，取决于选择哪种指示微生物。(C)2004 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
The microbial water quality at two beaches, Hobie Beach and Crandon Beach, in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA was measured using multiple microbial indicators for the purpose of evaluating correlations between microbes and for identifying possible sources of contamination. The indicator microbes chosen for this study (enterococci, Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, total coliform and C. perfringens) were evaluated through three different sampling efforts. These efforts included daily measurements at four locations during a wet season month and a dry season month, spatially intensive water sampling during low- and high-tide periods, and a sand sampling effort. Results indicated that concentrations did not vary in a consistent fashion between one indicator microbe and another. Daily water quality frequently exceeded guideline levels at Hobie Beach for all indicator microbes except for fecal coliform, which never exceeded the guideline. Except for total coliform, the concentrations of microbes did not change significantly between seasons in spite of the fact that the physical-chemical parameters (rainfall, temperature, pH, and salinity) changed significantly between the two monitoring periods. Spatially intense water sampling showed that the concentrations of microbes were significantly different with distance from the shoreline. The highest concentrations were observed at shoreline points and decreased at offshore points. Furthermore, the highest concentrations of indicator microbe concentrations were observed at high tide, when the wash zone area of the beach was submerged. Beach sands within the wash zone tested positive for all indicator microbes, thereby suggesting that this zone may serve as the source of indicator microbes. Ultimate sources of indicator microbes to this zone may include humans, animals, and possibly the survival and regrowth of indicator microbes due to the unique environmental conditions found within this zone. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the concentrations of indicator microbes do not necessarily correlate with one another. Exceedence of water quality guidelines, and thus the frequency of beach advisories, depends upon which indicator microbe is chosen. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.