Modelling water chemistry for a major Scottish river from catchment attributes
Modelling water chemistry for a major Scottish river from catchment attributes
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根据流域属性对苏格兰主要河流的水化学进行建模
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Edwards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Cresser;R. Smart;M. Billett;C. Soulsby;C. Neal;A. Wade;S. Langan;A. Edwards
1.在河流流域管理中，对水质预测的要求越来越高，但方法仍在发展中。 因此，我们得出的经验模型来预测在任何一点在一个复杂的苏格兰河流系统中的碱阳离子，H+和碱度的浓度，并在不同的排放条件下。从地理信息系统中的地质和地形图、整个岩石成分数据和集水区土地使用清单中可以很容易地获得输入数据。
2.该模型的一个关键和新颖的特点是利用河流50米以内河岸带的地质数据进行预测。 通过来自每个母岩的土壤的排放贡献进行了估计，并用作预测最终径流质量的权重。
3.高地集水区的平均、最大或最小河水钙浓度[Ca]的典型方程为[Ca] = a + B/{Carz}，其中{Carz}表示河岸带岩石类型的流量加权岩石CaO浓度。 这些方程在P <0.0001时具有显著性。类似的方法适用于碱度和其他碱阳离子。
4.通过纳入农业改良（强化）草地和耕地的集水河岸带覆盖模型项，改进了混合土地利用集水区[Ca]的预测。 这些结果表明，人类活动对盐基阳离子通量的影响不能仅用地质数据来表示。
5.同样，Na、Mg和K的浓度与河水中的Cl浓度相关，这主要是海洋来源的Cl的结果。 包括从东海岸的距离作为一个预测变量，而不是[CI]，避免了在模型操作中直接测量[CI]的需要。
6.我们主张进一步开展工作，评估是否可以在土地使用、地质和海盐投入等特征各不相同的其他地理位置开发和应用类似的模型。
1. The prediction of water quality is increasingly required in river catchment management, but methods are still developmental. We therefore derived empirical models to predict the concentrations of base cations, H+ and alkalinity at any point in a complex Scottish river system, and under diverse discharge conditions. Input data were readily available from geological and topographic maps, whole rock composition data and catchment land use inventories in geographical information systems (GIS).
2. A key and novel feature of the model was prediction using geological data for the riparian zone within 50 m of the river. The discharge contributions that passed through soil derived from each parent rock were estimated and used as weightings in predicting final run-off quality.
3. Typical equations for upland catchments for mean, maximum or minimum river water Ca concentration, [Ca], were of the form [Ca] = a + b √{Carz}, where {Carz} denotes flow routing-weighted rock CaO concentration of the riparian zone rock types present. These equations were significant at P < 0·0001. Similar approaches were applicable to alkalinity and to other base cations.
4. Predictions of [Ca] in catchments with mixed land use were improved by including model terms for catchment riparian zone cover of agriculturally improved (intensified) grassland and arable land. These results indicated anthropogenic effects on base cation flux that would not be represented by geological data alone.
5. Similarly, concentrations of Na, Mg and K were correlated with Cl concentration in the river water, primarily as a consequence of marine-derived Cl. Including distance from the east coast as a predictive variable in place of [Cl] obviated the need for direct [Cl] measurement in model operation.
6. We advocate further work to assess whether similar models can be developed and applied in other geographical locations, where features such as land use, geology and sea salt inputs will all vary.