Diagnosis and treatment of dementia in the aged.
Diagnosis and treatment of dementia in the aged.
复制标题
老年痴呆症的诊断和治疗。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lissy F. Jarvik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gary W. Small;Liston Eh;Lissy F. Jarvik
据估计，痴呆症影响65岁及以上人口的5%，75岁及以上人口的20%。虽然最常见的形式，原发性退行性和多梗死性痴呆，目前缺乏具体的治疗，但据估计，彻底的诊断评估将发现10%至20%的可治疗原因。鉴别诊断包括良性衰老性遗忘、抑郁、适应障碍、偏执状态、遗忘综合征、谵妄、药物作用、全身性疾病和颅内疾病。对每个病人的治疗方法包括病史、体格检查、精神状态评估和实验室检查，重点是确定可治疗的疾病。然而，当没有特定的治疗方法时，对症治疗，包括药物治疗，环境管理，家庭支持和心理治疗，可以为患者及其家人提供缓解，并改善老年痴呆症患者的日常功能。
Dementia affects an estimated 5 percent of the population 65 years of age and older, with 20 percent being affected at 75 years or older. Although the most common forms, primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia, currently lack specific treatments, it is estimated that a thorough diagnostic evaluation will uncover a treatable cause in 10 percent to 20 percent. The differential diagnosis includes benign senescent forgetfulness, depression, adjustment disorder, paranoid states, amnestic syndrome, delirium, drug effects, systemic illnesses and intracranial conditions. The approach to each patient involves a history, physical examination, mental status evaluation and laboratory tests that focus on identifying treatable conditions. When no specific treatments are available, however, symptomatic treatments, including pharmacotherapy, environmental management, family supports and psychotherapy, can offer relief for both patients and their families and improve the daily functioning of the elderly patient with dementia.