Relationship between thunderstorm electrification and storm kinetics revealed by phased array weather radar
Relationship between thunderstorm electrification and storm kinetics revealed by phased array weather radar
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DOI：
10.1002/2016jd025947
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发表时间：
2017-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Yoshida;T. Adachi;K. Kusunoki;S. Hayashi;T. Wu;T. Ushio;E. Yoshikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Yoshida;T. Adachi;K. Kusunoki;S. Hayashi;T. Wu;T. Ushio;E. Yoshikawa
我们检查了三维闪电位置数据和通过多个雷达观测站获得的雷达数据，包括两个X波段相控阵天气雷达（PAWR），以了解雷暴带电和风暴动力学之间的关系。在一个研究的对流单体中，云内（IC）和云对地（CG）闪光率在25 min内急剧变化。首先，IC闪光率急剧增加，在10 min−1时达到峰值，然后，CG闪光率在7 min后达到峰值。在IC闪率的增加阶段，雷达观测表明，回波顶高和高层上升气流回波量增加。在高海拔地区，由IC闪光所移除的上部正电荷区位于上升气流区或其附近。相反，当高空上升气流减弱时，IC闪光率降低。IC闪光率与1分钟间隔比较中上升气流体积的代理相关性良好。这些结果表明，IC闪光率有很强的联系，在高空上升气流。当来自高海拔的降水粒子（可能包括霰）达到约-10 °C等温线水平时，CG闪光率达到峰值。我们推测，来自高海拔地区的霰可能有助于CG闪光的启动。我们发现了一个突然上升的上部正电荷区参与IC闪光。PAWR的观测结果表明，上升气流可能是导致高空正电荷区上升的原因之一。
We examine 3‐D lightning location data and radar data obtained through multiple radar observation stations, including two X‐band phased array weather radars (PAWRs), in order to understand the relationship between thunderstorm electrification and storm kinetics. In an investigated convective cell, both intracloud (IC) and cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flash rates drastically change within 25 min. First, the IC flash rate shows a steep increase with a peak at 10 min−1, and then, the CG flash rate peaks 7 min afterward. During the increase phase of the IC flash rate, the radar observation indicates that the echo top height and updraft echo volume in the upper level increase. The upper positive charge regions removed by IC flashes are located in or near the updraft region at high altitudes. On the contrary, the IC flash rate decreases when the updraft at high altitudes weakens. The IC flash rate is well correlated with a proxy for updraft volume in 1 min interval comparison. These results indicate that the IC flash rate has a strong connection with updraft at high altitudes. The CG flash rate peaks when precipitation particles, probably involving graupel, from high altitudes arrive at approximately the −10°C isotherm level. We speculate that graupel from high altitudes might contribute to the initiations of CG flashes. We show an abrupt ascent of the upper positive charge region involved in IC flashes. PAWR observation results indicate that the updraft might have contributed to the ascent of the upper positive lightning charge region.