The anatomy and pathophysiology of the optic nerve head in glaucoma
The anatomy and pathophysiology of the optic nerve head in glaucoma
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DOI：
10.1097/00061198-200110001-00007
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Morrison, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burgoyne, CF;Morrison, JC
在过去的十年中，对正常和青光眼视神经头（ONH）进行了四个广泛领域的研究。首先，对ONH组织的正常解剖、生理和衰老的持续表征已经扩展到细胞水平。其次，使用甲基丙烯酸甲酯腐蚀铸型进一步表征了视神经前血管系统。第三，建立了新的大鼠眼压升高模型和内皮素-1缺血模型，研究青光眼损伤的病理生理，重点研究星形胶质细胞和胶质细胞对轴突损伤的介导作用。第四，基本的工程原理被用于模拟ONH结缔组织内与io相关的应力和应变的大小及其对相邻星形胶质细胞和轴突的影响。这些努力的共同目标是表征ONH组织损伤和轴突、细胞外基质的细胞机制，以及由此产生的物质改变的强度。
Over the past 10 years, the normal and glaucomatous optic nerve head (ONH) has been studied within four broad areas. First, ongoing characterizations of the normal anatomy, physiology, and aging of the ONH tissues have been expanded to the cellular level. Second, the vasculature of the anterior optic nerve has been further characterized using methylmethacrylate corrosion casts. Third, new models of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats and an endothelin-1 model for ischemia have been developed for studying the pathophysiology of glaucomatous damage, with an emphasis on astrocyte and glial cell mediation of axonal insult. Fourth, basic engineering principles are being used to model both the magnitude of IOP-related stress and strain within the ONH connective tissues and their effects on the adjacent astrocytes and axons. The common goal of these endeavors has been to characterize the cellular mechanisms of ONH tissue damage and the axonal, extracellular matrix, and strength of material alterations that result.