Systems, Experts, and Computers: The Systems Approach in Management and Engineering, World War II and After, edited by A.C. Hughes and T.P. Hughes
Systems, Experts, and Computers: The Systems Approach in Management and Engineering, World War II and After, edited by A.C. Hughes and T.P. Hughes
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系统、专家和计算机：二战及之后的管理和工程系统方法，A.C. Hughes 和 T.P. 编辑。
DOI：
10.1080/01972240252818252
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steven Jackson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steven Jackson
这本文集中的文章来自1996年5月由迪布纳研究所主办的一次会议。每一本书都涉及系统管理和工程方法的某些方面，从它起源于英美第二次世界大战的努力，到它在冷战早期科学和武器系统的演变，再到它在20世纪60年代在社会和城市政策中的应用。虽然系统方法的精确性质会随着时间的推移而变化--从战时实践者的短期作战研究，到战后国防规划者采用的系统工程和分析，再到大社会时代民用决策的系统动力学特征--但每种方法都采用相对整体的方法来分析大型系统，特别关注子系统和组成部分之间的相互联系。至关重要的是，系统分析员试图理解“单一系统中的机械、电气和组织部件等不同组件之间的相互作用”(第2页)。
The essays in this collection come out of a conference hosted by the Dibner Institute in May 1996. Each deals with some aspect of the systems approach to management and engineering, from its origins in the British and American Second World War efforts, through its evolution in early Cold War science and weapons systems, to its application to social and urban policy in the 1960s. While the precise character of systems approaches shifts over time— from the short-term operations research of wartime practitioners, to the systems engineering and analyses adopted by postwar defense planners, to the systems dynamics characteristic of civilian policy-making during the Great Society era—each adopts a relatively holistic approach to the analysis of large-scale systems, with special attention to the interconnections between subsystems and component parts. Crucially, systems analysts seek to understand the interplay of “heterogeneous components, such as mechanical, electrical, and organizational parts, in a single system” ( p. 2 )