Effects of different habitats and coverage treatments on the fates of Quercus wutaishanica seeds under the predation pressure of rodents
Effects of different habitats and coverage treatments on the fates of Quercus wutaishanica seeds under the predation pressure of rodents
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DOI：
10.5846/stxb201103270388
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
闫兴富 Yan Xingfu;周立彪 Zhou Libiao;刘建利 Liu Jianli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
闫兴富 Yan Xingfu;周立彪 Zhou Libiao;刘建利 Liu Jianli
辽东栎（Quercus wutaishanica）是我国暖温带落叶林的优势树种之一，啮齿动物对种子的捕食和搬运/埋藏是造成该树种种子阴影的重要因素。本研究探讨了群落生境和凋落物搬运处理对该树种种子阴影形成的影响，凋落物覆盖度和土壤覆盖度对退化五台山栎灌丛和次生五台山栎林啮齿动物捕食和搬运/埋藏五台山栎种子的影响结果表明，凋落物和土壤覆盖处理有利于种子在释放初期的存活，灌木林下种子的最终成活率在40 d后显著高于次生林下（Z=-2.333，P = 0.020），对照地的种子最终存活率显著高于灌木地凋落物覆盖的种子（Z=-0.674，P = 0.05），其它处理间差异不显著，但在次生林中，种子在凋落物覆盖下不能最终存活，结果表明，凋落物去除处理对种子的存活率影响不显著，对照样地和土壤覆盖处理的种子存活率均低于1%，处理间差异不显著，两种群落生境的原位捕食率差异显著。啮齿动物对五台山栎种子的影响（Z=-2.333，P = 0.020），灌木林凋落物覆盖度和次生林土壤覆盖度的ISPR最高（45.56%和64.81（灌木样地为23.70%，次生林样地为40.00%），生境类型和植被覆盖度对鼠类清除后种子的取食率没有显著影响，鼠类清除后种子的埋藏率（BRAR）次生林样地的土壤有机质含量显著高于灌木林样地（Z=-2.88，P = 0.004），灌木林下土壤覆盖种子的BRAR最高仅为5.56%，而次生林下土壤覆盖种子的BRAR最高仅为5.56%。清除凋落物处理的BRR最高，达9.26%，清除后灌木样地啮齿动物取食种子的平均距离（3.01 m）显著高于次生林（2.13 m）（Z=-2.080，P = 0.038），而灌木样地灭鼠后种子埋藏的平均距离小于次生林样地，尽管在它们之间没有检测到显著差异。
Quercus wutaishanica is one of the dominant tree species in warm temperate deciduous forest of China.The predation and removal / burial of the seeds by rodents play an important role in the creation of seed shadow of the tree species.The present study examined the effects of community habitats and the treatments of litterfall removal,litterfall coverage and soil coverage on the predation and removal / burial of Q.wutaishanica seeds by rodents in both degraded Q.wutaishanica shrubs and secondary Q.wutaishanica forest("shrubs site" and "secondary forest site" hereinafter) of Liupan Mountains,northern China.The results showed that the treatments of litterfall and soil coverage facilitated the seed survival in the early of release,while the finial survival rate of seeds in shrub site was significantly higher than that of secondary forest site after 40 days since release(Z=-2.333,P=0.020).The final survival rate of seeds in control plot was significantly higher than that of those covered by litterfall in shrub site(Z=-0.674,P=0.05),but no significant difference was observed between other treatments.In the secondary forest site,however,the seeds could neither finally survive under the coverage of litterfall,nor did the seeds under the treatment of litterfall removal.The survival rates of seeds in both control plot and with soil coverage were lower than 1%.There was no significant difference between the treatments.We observed a significant difference between the two community habitats in in situ predation rate(ISPR) of Q.wutaishanica seeds by rodents(Z=-2.333,P = 0.020).The highest ISPRs were achieved under litterfall coverage in shrubs site and soil coverage in secondary forest site(45.56% and 64.81% respectively).The treatment of litterfall removal resulted in the lowest ISPR(23.70% in shrubs site and 40.00% in secondary forest site respectively).Both habitat types and coverage treatments did not significantly affect the eaten rate of seeds after rodent-removal.The burial rate of seeds after rodent-removal(BRAR) was significantly higher in the secondary forest site than in shrubs site(Z=-2.88,P = 0.004).For example,the highest BRAR for the seeds covered by soil in shrubs site was only 5.56%.In secondary forest site,however,the highest BRAR under the treatment of litterfall removal reached 9.26%.The average distance of seeds eaten after rodent-removal in shrubs site(3.01 m) was significantly higher than that in secondary forest site(2.13 m)(Z=-2.080,P = 0.038),while the average distance of seeds buried after rodent-removal in shrubs site was shorter than in secondary forest site,although no significant difference was examined between them.