Studying "Friends": The Ethics of Using Social Media as Research Platforms.
Studying "Friends": The Ethics of Using Social Media as Research Platforms.
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研究“朋友”：使用社交媒体作为研究平台的伦理。
DOI：
10.1080/15265161.2017.1288969
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lee,SandraSoo-Jin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee,SandraSoo-Jin
社交媒体作为一种既亲密又强大的公共媒介，越来越多地塑造了许多美国人日常生活的轮廓。除了提供与朋友、家人和同事沟通的工具外，社交媒体平台还已成为世界各地新闻的重要来源和自我表达的重要媒介。通过点击按钮，一个人的喜悦、恐惧、愤怒和希望可以被放大到数百、数千甚至数万个“朋友”，这改变了我们对信息和社交网络分布的看法。在这个对“大数据”的可能性期望越来越高的时代，社交媒体网站是廉价快速访问大量详细个人信息的焦点。然而，对于如何解决这些不同的门户网站及其用户参与研究的道德问题，几乎没有指导。生物伦理学可以发挥主导作用，确定在创建这些新的研究关系时的利害关系。作为一名进行人种学研究的人类学家，我一直在努力解决群体进入、披露和透明度等问题。参与者观察是一种方法，它回避了使用社交媒体作为招聘平台时出现的许多道德挑战。专业指导要求参与者意识到他们的存在并了解研究的目的，然而，如何告知潜在参与者的细节可能是模糊的，并且通常是特定的（阿萨2011）。更清楚的是，在一个人的现场同意是一个持续的过程，需要准备，反思，并致力于保持信任。然而，由于在线社区不需要物理互动和面对面的接触，这些问题变得复杂。什么时候，如果有的话，尊重记录和记录人们的言行？在研究参与者不断变化的环境中，研究人员应该何时以及如何宣布自己和他们的意图？
Social media is increasingly creating the contours of many Americans’ daily lives as a medium that is simultaneously intimate and powerfully public. Beyond providing tools to communicate with friends, family, and colleagues, social media platforms have become critical sources of news around the world and a significant medium for selfexpression. The ability to amplify one’s joy, fear, anger and hope to hundreds, thousands, even tens of thousands of “friends” with a click of a button has altered how we think about the distribution of information and social networks. In this age of mounting expectation over the possibilities of ‘big data,” social media sites are focal points for accessing large amounts of detailed, personal information cheaply and quickly. However, there is little guidance on how to address questions on the ethics of engaging these diverse portals and their users in research. Bioethics can play a lead role by identifying what is at stake when creating these new research relationships. As an anthropologist who conducts ethnographic research, I have grappled with these questions of group entrée, disclosure, and transparency. Participant observation is a method that begs many of these ethical challenges that emerge when using social media as a recruitment platform. Professional guidance demands that participants be aware of their presence and understand the purpose of the research, however, details on how to inform potential participants can be ambiguous and are often context specific (ASA 2011). What is more clear is that consent in one’s fieldsite is an ongoing process that requires preparation, reflection, and a commitment to maintaining trust. However, these issues are complicated by online communities that do not require physical interaction and face-to-face contact. When is it, if ever, respectful to record and take notes on what people do and say? When and how should researchers announce themselves and their intentions in a shifting landscape where study participants are constantly in flux?