Exploitation of chert resources by the ancient Maya of northern Belize, Central America
Exploitation of chert resources by the ancient Maya of northern Belize, Central America
复制标题
中美洲伯利兹北部古代玛雅人对燧石资源的开发
DOI：
10.1080/00438243.1984.9979925
复制
发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
H. Shafer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Hester;H. Shafer
摘要现在伯利兹北部的玛雅低地地区有两种主要的石材资源，史前居民曾利用过。主要资源是硅质岩，仅限于500平方公里的区域。在西面和北面，地质断层暴露了玉髓的露头，玉髓是一种质量差得多的材料，在这种情况下，用于制造石器。细粒硅质岩早在古印度和古代就被利用，尽管这种原材料的密集使用始于公元前250年左右的玛雅晚期前经典时期。这一点在Colha遗址得到了最好的记录，Colha是1000多年来大规模生产石器的地点。硅质岩结核是从地表裸露中以最小的努力收集或开采的，而且也有证据表明浅坑采矿活动。从科尔哈，用这些硅质岩制成的正式工具被出口到含硅质岩地带以外的玛雅社区，在那里它们被用作斧头、沙子和锄头，极大地扩大了有限的探险范围。
Abstract The region of the Maya Lowlands that is now northern Belize has two major lithic resources that were utilized by prehistoric populations. The major resource is chert, restricted to a 500‐square kilometre zone. To the west and north, geologic faults have exposed outcroppings of chalcedony, a much poorer quality material, in this instance, for stone tool manufacture. The fine‐grained cherts were utilized as early as Paleo‐Indian and Archaic times, atlhough the intensive use of this raw material began in the Maya Late Preclassic, around 250 B.C. This is best documented at the site of Colha, the locus of stone tool mass production for more than 1000 years. Chert nodules were collected or quarried with minimal effort from surface exposures and there is also evidence of shallow pit mining activity. From Colha, formal tools made from these cherts were exported to Maya communities outside the chert‐bearing zone, where they were used as axes, adzes, and hoes and greatly augmented a limited range of expedi...