NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF SWEAT GLANDS
NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF SWEAT GLANDS
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DOI：
10.1111/1523-1747.ep12497922
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
ROBERTSHAW, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ROBERTSHAW, D
内分泌腺有两种功能：位于动物脚垫和人类手掌上的分泌腺便于抓取，由肾上腺素能神经和胆碱能神经控制；位于全身表面的分泌腺调节体温，由胆碱能神经控制。手掌和足底腺的肾上腺素能效应是通过α受体介导的。这些腺体的功能也被体液制剂改变。循环中的儿茶酚胺通过刺激β受体增加出汗，这是一个具有生理意义的问题，因为出汗有助于运动产生的热量的散失。循环儿茶酚胺似乎不会引起嗜铬细胞瘤、胰岛素低血糖和低血压的出汗，所有这些都与血浆儿茶酚胺水平升高有关。醛固酮作用于排泄管衬里的上皮细胞，并刺激分泌线圈细胞分泌的液体中钠的吸收，部分交换为钾。这种吸收会产生一种低张的分泌物。在一些物种中，例如马和牛，大汗腺起着调节体温的作用。到目前为止，在所有被研究的动物中，已经证明有肾上腺素能神经供应到大汗腺；然而，在一些物种中，组织学上还没有检测到神经末梢。已经提出了一种神经体液类型的运动传递，在这种传递中，递质被释放到靠近汗腺的循环系统。在马类中，循环儿茶酚胺已被证明可以补充运动时的神经刺激。
Eccrine glands perform two functions: those on the foot pads of animals and the palms of humans facilitate prehension and are controlled by both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves; those on the general body surface regulate body heat and are controlled by cholinergic nerves. The adrenergic effect in the glands of the palms and soles is mediated through α-receptors. The function of these glands is also modified by humoral agents. Circulating catecholamines increase sweating by stimulating the β-receptors, a matter of physiologic significance because sweating facilitates dissipation of heat induced by exercise. Circulating catecholamines do not seem to cause the sweating observed in pheochromocytoma, insulin hypoglycemia, and hypotension, all of which arc associated with elevated levels of plasma catecholamines. Aldosterone acts on the epithelium lining the excretory duct and stimulates the absorption of sodium, in partial exhange for potassium, from the fluid secreted by the cells of the secretory coil. This absorption produces a hypotonic secretion. In some species, e.g., horses and cows, apocrine glands perform a thermoregulatory function. In all animals so far studied, an adrenergic nerve supply to apocrine sweat glands has been demonstrated; in some species, however, nerve terminals have not been detected histologically. A neurohumoral type of sudomotor transmission has been proposed in which the transmitter is released into the circulatory system in close proximity to the sweat glands. In equine species, circulating catecholamines have been shown to supplement neural stimulation during exercise.