Resource Accounting in Measures of Unsustainability: Challenging the World Bank's Conclusions
Resource Accounting in Measures of Unsustainability: Challenging the World Bank's Conclusions
复制标题
衡量不可持续性的资源核算：挑战世界银行的结论
DOI：
10.1023/a:1008304812545
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
E. Neumayer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Neumayer
世界银行最近发表了一份关于环境和资源核算的综合研究报告，涉及103个国家（World Bank 1997 a）。该研究的结论是，许多撒哈拉以南、北方非洲和中东国家在过去20年中的“真实”储蓄率为负，因此未能通过弱可持续性的测试。本文认为，银行的结论取决于一种方法，用于计算用户成本从资源开采，是挑战两个竞争的（“埃尔Serafy”的方法和Repetto等人的方法）。and is inferior劣to oneof its rivers竞争对手.使用“El Serafy”方法重新计算了14个国家以及撒哈拉以南非洲、北方非洲和中东地区的资源租金。结果是，这两个地区和几乎所有的国家要么停止表现出不可持续性的迹象，要么他们的不可持续性可以解释，而不必求助于资源会计。然而，对刚果、厄瓜多尔、加蓬、尼日利亚、毛里塔尼亚和特立尼达和托巴哥来说，这伊萨个教训：这些国家没有充分利用自然资源禀赋给它们带来的机会，应该从未来耗尽其丰富的自然资源储备的错误中吸取教训。
The World Bank has recently published acomprehensive study of environmental and resourceaccounting, covering 103 countries (World Bank1997a). The study concludes that many Sub-Saharan,Northern African and Middle East countries have hadnegative `genuine' saving rates over the last 20years and therefore fail to pass the test of weaksustainability. This paper argues that the Bank'sconclusions depend on a method for computing usercosts from resource exploitation that is challengedby two competing ones (the `El Serafy'-method andthe method of Repetto et al.) and is inferior to oneof its rivals. Resource rents are re-computed usingthe `El Serafy'-method for 14 countries and theSub-Saharan and Northern African and Middle Eastregions. The results are that both regions andalmost all countries either stop exhibiting signs ofunsustainability or their unsustainability can beexplained without having recourse to resourceaccounting. However, for Congo, Ecuador, Gabon,Nigeria, Mauritania and Trinidad and Tobago there isa lesson: These countries did not adequately use theopportunities they were given through their naturalresource endowments and should learn from theirmistake for the future depletion of their remainingreserves of natural resources.