Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons
Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons
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DOI：
10.1007/s002650050248
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Whiten, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, RA;Byrne, RW;Whiten, A
van Schaik（1989）的灵长类动物雌性结合模型的预测是通过系统地比较生态、群体内争夺食物（WGC）的水平和在两个不同的狒狒种群中发现的社会行为模式来验证的。在食物分布（来自块状来源的饮食百分比）、替代饲料率和梳理模式方面发现了显著差异。与此模型相一致的是，在生态条件促进WGC的地方，雌性的相互联系和结成联盟的倾向以及慈善倾向最强。在WGC强的种群中，群体裂变在雌性优势等级上呈“水平”分布，并与觅食竞争加剧时期雌雌之间的攻击行为有关。相比之下，在WGC较低的地方，雌性梳理的重点是成年雄性而不是其他雌性。最近的证据表明，这里的群体裂变是由雄性发起的，往往导致一个雄性群体的形成，与喂养竞争无关，而是与雄性之间的配偶竞争有关。提出了一种包含雌性-雌性竞争、雄性-雄性竞争和捕食压力影响的狒狒社会结构生态模型。该模型潜在地解释了Papio属中群体大小、群体结构和社会关系的广泛差异。然而，普通狒狒和hamadryas狒狒之间的社会生态趋同在某些方面可能受到系统发育惰性的限制。
Predictions of the model of van Schaik (1989) of female-bonding in primates are tested by systematically comparing the ecology, level of within-group contest competition for food (WGC), and patterns of social behaviour found in two contrasting baboon populations. Significant differences were found in food distribution (percentage of the diet from clumped sources), feeding supplant rates and grooming patterns. In accord with the model, the tendencies of females to affiliate and form coalitions with one another, and to be philopatric, were strongest where ecological conditions promoted WGC. Group fission in the population with strong WGC was ''horizontal'' with respect to female dominance rank, and associated with female-female aggression during a period of elevated feeding competition. In contrast, where WGC was low, females' grooming was focused on adult males rather than other females. Recent evidence suggests that group fission here is initiated by males, tends to result in the formation of one-male groups, and is not related to feeding competition but to male-male competition for mates. An ecological model of baboon social structure is presented which incorporates the effects of female-female competition, male-male competition, and predation pressure. The model potentially accounts for wide variability in group size, group structure and social relationships within the genus Papio. Socio-ecological convergence between common baboons and hamadryas baboons, however, may be limited in some respects by phylogenetic inertia.