Body perception in chimpanzees and humans: The expert effect
Body perception in chimpanzees and humans: The expert effect
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-63876-x
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发表时间：
2020-04-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gao, Jie;Kawakami, Fumito;Tomonaga, Masaki
当刺激是直立的时，人类和黑猩猩在识别面孔或身体时都比倒立的时候表现得更好。这被称为反转效应。这表明，这两个物种使用一种特定的方式来处理面部和身体。此前的研究表明，人类也会对自己擅长的对象表现出倒置效应，这被称为专家效应。我们研究了黑猩猩是否表现出专家效应，以及人类和黑猩猩在身体识别任务中有何不同，方法是用人体刺激测试黑猩猩(人类专家)，用黑猩猩和人体刺激测试人类(黑猩猩专家)。主要的发现是，人类(黑猩猩专家)向黑猩猩的身体展示了专家效应，而黑猩猩向人体展示了部分专家效应。这表明，与黑猩猩相比，人类的特殊加工可以更灵活地调整以适应其他物体。我们还使用黑猩猩身体刺激物对非黑猩猩专家的人类进行了测试。尽管他们的表现与黑猩猩专家相似，但两组人在某些情况下存在差异，这表明了专业知识的效果。这项研究揭示了经验在人类和我们进化的近亲黑猩猩的物体处理中的重要作用。
Both humans and chimpanzees have better performances when recognizing faces or bodies when the stimuli are upright compared to inverted. This is called the inversion effect. It suggests that these two species use a specific way to process faces and bodies. Previous research has suggested that humans also show the inversion effect to objects that they have expertise about, and this is called the expert effect. We investigated whether chimpanzees show the expert effect and how humans and chimpanzees differ by testing chimpanzees (human experts) with human body stimuli and testing humans (chimpanzee experts) with chimpanzee and human body stimuli in body recognition tasks. The main finding was that humans (chimpanzee experts) showed the expert effect to chimpanzee bodies, while chimpanzees partially showed it to human bodies. This suggests that compared with chimpanzees, the special processing in humans can be more flexibly tuned for other objects. We also tested humans that were not chimpanzee experts using chimpanzee body stimuli. Although they showed similar performances as the chimpanzee experts, the two groups had differences in some situations, indicating the effect of expertise. This study revealed the important role of experience in object processing in humans, and our evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees.