Photoacoustic imaging for surgical guidance: Principles, applications, and outlook
Photoacoustic imaging for surgical guidance: Principles, applications, and outlook
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DOI：
10.1063/5.0018190
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发表时间：
2020-08-14
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bell, Muyinatu A. Lediju
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bell, Muyinatu A. Lediju
微创手术通常需要复杂的操作和精细的手眼协调，理想情况下会结合“X 射线视觉”，以便在进行切口之前看到工具尖端以外和组织下方的情况。光声成像有潜力提供此功能，但电离 X 射线则无法实现。相反，光纤和声学接收器可以对血管和神经等主要结构进行光声传感，而这些结构在其他情况下是看不见的。该成像过程是通过发射激光脉冲来启动的，该激光脉冲照亮感兴趣的区域，引起热膨胀并产生可通过传统超声换能器检测到的声波。然后记录的信号通过波束形成过程转换为图像。光声成像可以用于瞄准和避免富含血液的手术内容（并且在某些情况下同时或独立地可视化光纤尖端或金属手术工具尖端），以防止意外伤害并在微创手术和介入手术期间协助设备操作员。本次邀请的观点总结了光声与超声系统工程实验室引入的新颖的光传输系统、违反直觉的发现和机器人集成方法，为随后讨论作者对光声引导手术这一令人兴奋的前沿领域可能的未来方向的看法奠定了基础和理由。
Minimally invasive surgeries often require complicated maneuvers and delicate hand-eye coordination and ideally would incorporate "x-ray vision" to see beyond tool tips and underneath tissues prior to making incisions. Photoacoustic imaging has the potential to offer this feature but not with ionizing x-rays. Instead, optical fibers and acoustic receivers enable photoacoustic sensing of major structures-such as blood vessels and nerves-that are otherwise hidden from view. This imaging process is initiated by transmitting laser pulses that illuminate regions of interest, causing thermal expansion and the generation of sound waves that are detectable with conventional ultrasound transducers. The recorded signals are then converted to images through the beamforming process. Photoacoustic imaging may be implemented to both target and avoid blood-rich surgical contents (and in some cases simultaneously or independently visualize optical fiber tips or metallic surgical tool tips) in order to prevent accidental injury and assist device operators during minimally invasive surgeries and interventional procedures. Novel light delivery systems, counterintuitive findings, and robotic integration methods introduced by the Photoacoustic & Ultrasonic Systems Engineering Lab are summarized in this invited Perspective, setting the foundation and rationale for the subsequent discussion of the author's views on possible future directions for this exciting frontier known as photoacoustic-guided surgery.