Getting There: Barriers and Facilitators to Transportation Access in Underserved Communities
Getting There: Barriers and Facilitators to Transportation Access in Underserved Communities
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DOI：
10.1145/3233985
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Veinot, Tiffany C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dillahunt, Tawanna R.;Veinot, Tiffany C.
信息和通信技术（ICT）的进步为满足交通需求提供了新的机会;然而，过去的研究表明，数百万低收入美国人并没有平等地分享这些机会。我们从四个实证研究和两个案例研究，以促进目前使用的低收入和服务不足的社区，以提高他们获得健康促进资源的居民的11个日常交通模式的描述。这些模型分为个人，私人，公共和人际类别。我们对这些模式的以下障碍和促进因素提出了见解：（1）负担能力;（2）个人能力;（3）人际信任、关怀和/或互惠;（4）对技术的信任;（5）服务可用性/资格;（6）空间和时间匹配;（7）交通方式与实际需求之间的匹配;（8）服务可靠性和质量;（9）基础设施建设。为了解决这些障碍，并在这些促进者的基础上，我们提出了六个支持性的政策和设计原则。操作这些原则，我们提出了四个新的信息和通信技术的增强模式：（1）智能jitneys;（2）广义，基于网络的模式;（3）扩大资源池;（4）运输俱乐部。这些模式侧重于社会技术与现有能力和资源的融合，这有望增加低收入社区居民获得就业、食品和医疗保健的机会。
Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) offer new opportunities for addressing transportation needs; however, past research suggests that opportunities are not equally shared by millions of low-income Americans. We draw from four empirical studies and two case studies to contribute descriptions of the 11 everyday transportation models currently used by residents of low-income and underserved communities to enhance their access to health-enhancing resources. These models fell into personal, private, public, and interpersonal categories. We contribute insights regarding the following barriers and facilitators associated with these models: (1) affordability; (2) individual capabilities; (3) interpersonal trust, care and/or reciprocity; (4) trust in technology; (5) service availability/eligibility; (6) spatial and temporal matches; (7) match between transportation mode and physical needs; (8) service reliability and quality; and (9) infrastructure access. To address these barriers and build on these facilitators, we contribute six supportive policy and design principles. Operationalizing these principles, we propose four new ICT-enhanced models: (1) smart jitneys; (2) generalized, favor-based models; (3) expanded resource pooling; and (4) transportation clubs. The focus of these models on socio-technical integration with current capabilities and resources holds promise for enhancing access to jobs, food, and health care for residents of low-income communities.