Elemental composition and morphology of ice-crystal residual particles in cirrus clouds and contrails
Elemental composition and morphology of ice-crystal residual particles in cirrus clouds and contrails
复制标题
卷云和尾迹中冰晶残留颗粒的元素组成和形态
DOI：
10.1016/s0169-8095(97)00083-5
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
F. Schröder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Petzold;J. Ström;S. Ohlsson;F. Schröder
使用逆流虚拟撞击器对蒸发冰晶中的残留颗粒进行了飞机采样。在尾迹和卷云中采集的晶体样本与在自然卷云中发现的间质气溶胶进行了比较。用配有无窗能量色散X射线探测器(SEM/EDX)的扫描电子显微镜对样品进行分析。在轨迹和卷云情况下，小于1μm的颗粒的残留粒子谱以黑碳(BC)粒子为主，轨迹中的粗大残留颗粒模式(DP≥1.5μm)几乎完全由机械生成的金属颗粒组成，金属颗粒仅占残留颗粒数量的约1%，但约占残留颗粒体积的50%。观测到的残留颗粒物的颗粒数密度和BC质量浓度在轨迹内分别为0.20 cm−3和16 ng m−3，在卷云内分别为0.02 cm−3和2 ng m−3。气溶胶样品中BC颗粒物(0.1μm<；dp<；0.8μm)随海拔高度的增加而增加，从8公里处的70%增加到11公里处的95%，数密度为≈0.1 cm−3。
Aircraft sampling of residual particles from evaporated ice crystals was performed using a Counterflow Virtual Impactor. Samples of crystals taken in both contrails and cirrus clouds were compared with interstitial aerosols found in natural cirrus. The samples were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope which was equipped with a windowless energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM/EDX). In the contrail and cirrus cases black carbon (BC) particles dominated the residual size spectra for particles smaller than 1 μm. The coarse residual particle mode (Dp≥1.5 μm) in contrails consisted almost completely of mechanically generated metallic particles which contributed only about 1% to residual particle number but approximately 50% to residual particle volume. Observed particle number concentrations and BC mass concentration of the residual particles were 0.2 cm−3and 16 ng m−3inside the contrail and 0.02 cm−3and <2 ng m−3inside the cirrus. The fraction of BC particles (0.1 μm<Dp<0.8 μm) in the interstitial aerosol samples increased with altitude from <70% at 8 km to 95% at 11 km near the air-traffic corridors with number concentrations of ≈0.1 cm−3.