Correlates of vaccine-induced immunity
Correlates of vaccine-induced immunity
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DOI：
10.1086/589862
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Plotkin, Stanley A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plotkin, Stanley A.
免疫系统是冗余的，B细胞和T细胞相互协作。然而，几乎所有当前的疫苗都是通过诱导血清中或黏膜上的抗体来发挥作用，这些抗体可阻断感染或干扰微生物侵入血液。为了起到保护作用，抗体必须在中和或调理吞噬作用方面具有功能。接种疫苗后的保护相关性有时是绝对数量，但通常是相对的，因此大多数感染在特定的免疫反应水平下可被预防，但由于感染剂量大或宿主因素不足，在该水平之上仍可能会发生一些感染。对于一种疾病可能存在11种保护相关性，我们称之为“共同相关性”。效应记忆或中枢记忆都可能与保护作用相关。细胞介导的免疫也可能作为针对疾病（而非针对感染）的保护相关性或共同相关性起作用。在保护的真正相关性未知或难以测量的情况下，替代检测（通常是抗体测量）必须足以作为疫苗保护作用的预测指标。文中给出了每种情况的实例。
The immune system is redundant, and B and T cells collaborate. However, almost all current vaccines work through induction of antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or interfere with microbial invasion of the bloodstream. To protect, antibodies must be functional in the sense of neutralization or opsonophagocytosis. Correlates of protection after vaccination are sometimes absolute quantities but often are relative, such that most infections are prevented at a particular level of response but some will occur above that level because of a large challenge dose or deficient host factors. There may be 11 correlate of protection for a disease, which we term "cocorrelates." Either effector or central memory may correlate with protection. Cell-mediated immunity also may operate as a correlate or cocorrelate of protection against disease, rather than against infection. In situations where the true correlate of protection is unknown or difficult to measure, surrogate tests (usually antibody measurements) must suffice as predictors of protection by vaccines. Examples of each circumstance are given.