Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Effects on Cognition in Adults: A Qualitative Evaluation and Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Trials.
Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Effects on Cognition in Adults: A Qualitative Evaluation and Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Trials.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2016.00022
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Pipingas A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardman RJ;Kennedy G;Macpherson H;Scholey AB;Pipingas A
地中海式饮食（MedDiet）包括大量摄入水果，蔬菜和鱼类，以及较低的乳制品，红肉和糖的消费量。在过去的15年里，许多经验证据支持MedDiet可能有利于降低心血管疾病，癌症，代谢综合征和痴呆症的发病率的建议。一些研究MedDiet对认知影响的横断面研究已经产生了很大程度上积极的结果。本综述的目的是评估纵向和前瞻性试验，以了解MedDiet如何随着时间的推移影响认知过程。纳入的研究旨在改善认知或最大限度地减少认知下降。回顾的研究包括使用食物频率问卷或食物日记评估评估饮食状况。对符合纳入标准的18篇文章进行了系统评价。这些研究表明，更高的MedDiet依从性与认知能力下降的速度较慢，减少向阿尔茨海默病的转化以及认知功能的改善有关。发现改善地中海饮食评分的特定认知领域是记忆（延迟识别，长期和工作记忆），执行功能和视觉结构。本次审查还审议了一些方法问题，为今后的研究提出建议。利用饮食模式，如MedDiet，将是必不可少的，作为医疗设施的一部分，以保持生活质量，减少痴呆症的潜在社会和经济负担。
The Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) involves substantial intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish, and a lower consumption of dairy, red meat, and sugars. Over the past 15 years, much empirical evidence supports the suggestion that a MedDiet may be beneficial with respect to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and dementia. A number of cross-sectional studies that have examined the impact of MedDiet on cognition have yielded largely positive results. The objective of this review is to evaluate longitudinal and prospective trials to gain an understanding of how a MedDiet may impact cognitive processes over time. The included studies were aimed at improving cognition or minimizing of cognitive decline. Studies reviewed included assessments of dietary status using either a food frequency questionnaire or a food diary assessment. Eighteen articles meeting our inclusion criteria were subjected to systematic review. These revealed that higher adherence to a MedDiet is associated with slower rates of cognitive decline, reduced conversion to Alzheimer’s disease, and improvements in cognitive function. The specific cognitive domains that were found to benefit with improved Mediterranean Diet Score were memory (delayed recognition, long-term, and working memory), executive function, and visual constructs. The current review has also considered a number of methodological issues in making recommendations for future research. The utilization of a dietary pattern, such as the MedDiet, will be essential as part of the armamentarium to maintain quality of life and reduce the potential social and economic burden of dementia.