Timing and delivery route effects of cecal microbiome transplants on Salmonella Typhimurium infections in chickens: potential for in-hatchery delivery of microbial interventions.
Timing and delivery route effects of cecal microbiome transplants on Salmonella Typhimurium infections in chickens: potential for in-hatchery delivery of microbial interventions.
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DOI：
10.1186/s42523-023-00232-0
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发表时间：
2023-02-14
影响因子：
4.7
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中科院分区：
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在生命早期暴露于微生物对微生物群落结构和微生物组的功能具有长期持久的影响。然而，在商业家禽环境中，小鸡作为单龄队列饲养，不暴露于成年鸟类，这可能对微生物群发育和随后的病原体挑战产生深远影响。微生物群操作是一种经过验证的和有前途的策略，有助于减少肉鸡群中的病原体负荷和传播。然而，在孵化场环境中施用微生物群移植产品可能具有挑战性。有效的管理策略取决于关键因素，如接受干预措施的雏鸡年龄和分娩方式。本研究旨在评估这两个方面，为商业孵化场使用的微生物组操作策略提供支持证据。在孵化后4至72小时之间对微生物群进行操作显著减少了食源性病原体肠道沙门氏菌血清型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（ST 4/74）的粪便脱落和定植。通过喷雾或凝胶液滴递送系统施用移植材料对所赋予的保护作用最小，与PBS管饲的对照鸟相比，移植组中显示在粪便中排出ST 4/74的鸟较少。移植后微生物组的分析表明，在生命的第一周和ST 47/4感染的早期阶段，所有移植组都比非移植组具有更高的多样性和物种丰富度。与PBS对照相比，CMT组中细菌普氏粪杆菌的相对丰度显著更高。F. prausnitzii在PBS攻击的鸟类中的感染率也比未攻击的鸟类增加，这可能表明该细菌在限制沙门氏菌感染中的作用。这项研究表明，使用与孵化场实践相一致的方法进行微生物组移植，有效地减少了沙门氏菌在鸡中的定植和脱落。微生物组给药时鸡的年龄对微生物组的多样性和组成的影响有限，并可保护鸡免受沙门氏菌感染。传统的孵化场输送系统，如喷雾或凝胶滴，足以转移供体材料，改变微生物组并提供针对沙门氏菌的保护。这项研究有助于突出在孵化场内使用微生物组修饰方法的机会。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s42523-023-00232-0获得。
Exposure to microbes early in life has long-lasting effects on microbial community structure and function of the microbiome. However, in commercial poultry settings chicks are reared as a single-age cohort with no exposure to adult birds which can have profound effects on microbiota development and subsequent pathogen challenge. Microbiota manipulation is a proven and promising strategy to help reduce pathogen load and transmission within broiler flocks. However, administration of microbiota transplant products in a hatchery setting may prove challenging. Effective administration strategies are dependent on key factors, such as; the age of chicks receiving interventions and mode of delivery. This study aimed to assess these two aspects to provide supporting evidence towards microbiome manipulation strategies for use in commercial hatcheries. Manipulation of the microbiota between 4 and 72 h of hatch markedly reduced faecal shedding and colonisation with the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST4/74). Administration of transplant material via spray or gel drop delivery systems had minimal effect on the protection conferred with fewer birds in transplant groups shown to shed ST4/74 in the faeces compared to PBS-gavaged control birds. Analysis of the microbiome following transplantation demonstrated that all transplant groups had higher diversity and species richness than non-transplant groups during the first week of life and the early stages of infection with ST47/4.The relative abundance of the bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly higher in CMT groups compared to PBS controls. The presence of F. prausnitzii was also shown to increase in PBS-challenged birds compared to unchallenged birds potentially indicating a role of this bacterium in limiting Salmonella infections. This study demonstrated that administration of microbiome transplants, using methods that would align with hatchery practices, effectively reduced colonisation and shedding of Salmonella in chickens. Age of chicks at microbiome administration had limited effect on the diversity and composition of the microbiome and conferred protection against Salmonella infections. Traditional hatchery delivery systems, such as spray or gel-drop, are sufficient to transfer donor material, alter the microbiome and confer protection against Salmonella. This study helps highlight the opportunity for use of microbiome modification methods within the hatchery. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-023-00232-0.