Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat
Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.005
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Buffenstein, Rochelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edrey, Yael H.;Park, Thomas J.;Buffenstein, Rochelle
进化出特殊能力的动物，如非凡的寿命，可能会揭示出生物医学研究的相关和潜在的关键见解，而这些见解在标准实验室动物中并不明显。裸鼹鼠（Heterocephalus glaber; NMR）是一种寿命极长（30年）的小鼠大小的啮齿动物。它们显然已经进化出上级抗衰老机制，如在其长寿命期间显著减弱与年龄相关的生理功能下降、持续的生殖能力和显著的癌症抗性所证明的。这些真社会性啮齿动物，像社会性昆虫一样，生活在群体中，繁殖仅限于一个雌性和几个雄性。下属是性单态的，但保留了成为繁殖者的能力，并且可以在一生中的任何时候经历生长激增和神经修改。这种在生理和行为方面的可塑性可能有助于他们的长寿。裸鼹鼠对地下生活表现出许多适应性，包括对缺氧的极端耐受性，酸不敏感性，以及光内分泌系统的独立性。在这里，我们回顾了什么是已知的独特的社会结构，感觉系统，内分泌学和神经生物学，并强调可能是相关领域的老年学。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Animals that have evolved exceptional capabilities, such as extraordinary longevity may reveal pertinent and potentially critical insights into biomedical research that are not readily apparent in standard laboratory animals. Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber; NMRs) are extremely long-lived (30 years) mouse-sized rodents. They clearly have evolved superior anti-aging mechanisms as evident by the markedly attenuated age-related decline in physiological function, sustained reproductive capacity and pronounced cancer resistance throughout their long-lives. These eusocial rodents, like the social insects, live in colonies with breeding restricted to one female and a few males. Subordinates are sexually monomorphic, yet retain the ability to become breeders, and can undergo growth surges and neural modifications at any time throughout their life. This plasticity in physiological and behavioral aspects may have contributed to their long-lives. Naked mole-rats show numerous adaptations to life underground including extreme tolerance of hypoxia, acid insensitivity, as well as independence of photoendocrine systems. Here we review what is known about their unique social structure, sensory systems, endocrinology and neurobiology, and highlight areas that may be pertinent to biogerontology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.