Origins of The Companion Library: An Anthology of Medieval Japanese Stories
Origins of The Companion Library: An Anthology of Medieval Japanese Stories
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同伴图书馆的起源：中世纪日本故事选集
DOI：
10.2307/2052463
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Ruch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Ruch
大约在1700年，大坂出版商涩川诚右卫门收集并印刷了23篇中世纪短篇小说，并将它们贴上“Otogi bunko”（伙伴图书馆）的标签进行销售。涩川的销售技巧旨在向女性读者销售他的选集，导致后来的学者将这些故事视为室町时期的女性文学。然而，来自中世纪日记的证据清楚地表明，这些故事最初并不是为女性写的。到目前为止，已经出现了近500个这样的匿名故事，形成了一个重要的中世纪流派。虽然目前的学术研究倾向于通过分析故事中所描绘的社会阶层来寻找故事的作者，但我们认为，更富有成效的方法是通过分析前室町文学传统的文本来源：平安小说，镰仓军事史诗，宗教叙事或口头民间故事;宗教叙事传统是最重要的来源，通过文本比较可以清楚地看到，室町的一些故事是从“神道小说”等作品中衍生出来的。中世纪的儒勒和传教士，如琵琶芳志，乙木芳志和熊野美国在传播中世纪的故事，普及画卷和书籍，并促进短篇小说体裁的发展发挥了至关重要的作用。
Around 1700, the Osaka publisher Shibukawa seiemon collected and printed twenty-three medieval short stories and put them on sale labelled Otogi bunko, or The Companion Library. Shibukawa's sales techniques, aimed at selling his anthology to female readers, led later scholars to view these stories anachronistically as women's literature from the Muromachi period. Evidence from medieval diaries, however, makes it clear that these stories were not originally written for women. To date close to five hundred of these largely anonymous stories have emerged to form a substantial medieval genre. Although present scholarship tends to seek authorship of the stories through analysis of social classes depicted in them, it is submitted that the more fruitful approach is rather through analysis of textual origins in pre-Muromachi literary traditions: Heian novel, Kamakura military epic, religious narrative, or oral folktale; and that the most important source proves to be the religious narrative tradition, where textual comparison reveals clearly some Muromachi stories are derivations from such works as Shintō shū. Medieval jongleurs and missionaries such as biwa hōshi, etoki hōshi, and Kumano bikuni played a crucial role in spreading medieval tales, popularizing the picture scroll and book, and contributing to the development of the short story genre.