Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant
Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00674.x
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lande, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernando, P;Pfrender, ME;Lande, R
我们报告的第一个自由放养的亚洲象（Elephas maximus）的遗传分析。我们从斯里兰卡、不丹/北印度和老挝/越南的118头大象的粪便中提取DNA，PCR扩增和测序线粒体DNA的630个核苷酸，包括控制区的部分可变左结构域。与非洲象（Loxodonta africana）序列的比较表明，在长鼻目的一个相对缓慢的分子钟的序列分歧约为1%/百万年。亚洲象的遗传多样性很低，表明长期有效的种群规模很小。在亚洲象中鉴定了17种单倍型，它们聚集成两个分化良好的组合，估计上新世分歧为250 - 350万年前。这两个组合表现出不完全的地理分区，异地分歧和次生混合。在大陆，不丹和印度或老挝和越南的大象种群之间几乎没有遗传差异。不丹-印度和老挝-越南之间的单倍型频率存在显着差异，但细分相对较弱。观察到大陆和斯里兰卡之间，以及斯里兰卡的北方，中纬度和南部地区之间的显着遗传分化。
We report the first genetic analysis of free-ranging Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We sampled 118 elephants from Sri Lanka, Bhutan/North India, and Laos/Vietnam by extracting DNA from dung, PCR amplifying and sequencing 630 nucleotides of mitochondrial DNA, including part of the variable left domain of the control region. Comparison with African elephant (Loxodonta africana) sequences indicated a relatively slow molecular clock in the Proboscidea with a sequence divergence of approximate to 1%/Myr. Genetic diversity within Asian elephants was low, suggesting a small long-term effective population size. Seventeen haplotypes were identified within Asian elephants, which clustered into two well-differentiated assemblages with an estimated Pliocene divergence of 2.5-3.5 million years ago. The two assemblages showed incomplete geographical partitioning, suggesting allopatric divergence and secondary admixture. On the mainland, little genetic differentiation was observed between elephant populations of Bhutan and India or Laos and Vietnam. A significant difference in haplotype frequencies but relatively weak subdivision was observed between the regions Bhutan-India and Laos-Vietnam. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between the mainland and Sri Lanka, and between northern, mid-latitude and southern regions in Sri Lanka.