Temperature Variation in the Urban Canopy with Anthropogenic Energy Use
Temperature Variation in the Urban Canopy with Anthropogenic Energy Use
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DOI：
10.1007/s00024-003-8780-9
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
H. Kondo;Y. Kikegawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Kondo;Y. Kikegawa
城市变暖带来的不利影响之一是夏季建筑物空调能耗的增加。在美国的城市中，城市变暖被推测为随着1.0 °C的温度上升而使峰值电能需求增加3%至6%（BRETZet al.，1998年）。据估计，近年来东京的需求增长率高达3%/°C，大东京地区日最高温度每上升1.0 °C，就需要约1.6 GW的新需求（SAKAI和中村，1999年）。夏季电力的巨大需求大部分是由空调系统引起的，这被认为是亚洲国家大城市的共同特点之一。从减少CO2排放以缓解全球变暖的观点来看，应该通过控制城市变暖来减少这种巨大的需求。有模型结果分析了东京人为热量与温度升高之间的关系（URANOet al.，（1999），ICHINOSE等人，（1999）等）。然而，他们使用的中尺度模式只与人为热的静态数据。他们的结果太粗糙，因为城市街区的温度高度依赖于其结构（MURAKAMIet al.，2000年）和人为热释放动态地取决于环境温度。在本研究中，开发了一个多尺度数值模拟系统，以动态评估城市变暖引起的能源需求的增加，并进行了案例研究，在东京的一个密集的城市化地区的城市冠层。
One of the detrimental effects caused by the urban warming is the increase of energy consumption due to the air conditioning of buildings in summer. In the cities of United States, the urban warming is surmised to increase the peak electric energy demand by 3 to 6% with 1.0 °C temperature rise (BRETZet al.,1998). This increased rate of demand is estimated up to 3%/°C in recent years in Tokyo, and about 1.6 GW of new demand is required as the daily maximum temperature increases by 1.0 °C in the greater Tokyo area (SAKAI and NAKAMURA, 1999). Most of this huge demand of summer electricity is caused by the air-conditioning systems, and is considered to be one of the common characteristics in big cities of Asian countries. From the viewpoint of the reduction of CO2emission to mitigate the global warming, this huge demand should be reduced through the control of the urban warming There were model results that analysed the relation between anthropogenic heat and temperature increase in Tokyo (URANOet al.,(1999), ICHINOSEet al.,(1999) etc.). However, they used mesoscale model only with static data of anthropogenic heat. Their results are too coarse, because the temperature in the city block highly depends on its structure (MURAKAMIet al.,2000) and the anthropogenic heat release dynamically depends on the ambient temperature. In the present study, a multi-scale numerical simulation system is developed to evaluate dynamically the increase of energy demands caused by the urban warming, and a case study is carried out for an urban canopy over a densely urbanized area in Tokyo.