On 2-fold covers of graphs

On 2-fold covers of graphs
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在图表的 2 折封面上

DOI:
10.1016/j.jctb.2007.07.001
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发表时间:
2007-01
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Marusic, Dragan
Marusic, Dragan
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kutnar, Klavdija;Feng, Yan-Quan;Malnic, Aleks;er;Marusic, Dragan

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如果 G 沿着 ℘ 提升,则连通图的常规覆盖投影 ℘:X~→X 是 G-可接受的。用 G~ 表示提升群,并令 CT(℘) 为覆盖变换群。每当扩展 CT(℘)→G~→G 分裂时,该投影就称为 G 分裂。在本文中,考虑了 split 2-covers,特别强调三次对称图。假设 G 在 X 上具有传递性,如果 G∼ 内 CT(℘) 的所有补集 G¯≅G 在 X∼ 上具有传递性,则称 G 分裂覆盖是 G 分裂传递的;每当对于每个补集 G´ 都存在 ℘ 的 G´ 不变部分时,就称其为 G 分裂部分;否则称为G-split-mixed。结果表明,当 G 是弧传递群时,分裂分段和分裂混合 2 覆盖导致规范双覆盖。然而,分裂传递覆盖的分析要困难得多。对于三次对称图,当 G 是 1-正则或 4-正则时,分裂 2-覆盖必然是规范双覆盖(即,不存在 G-分裂传递 2-覆盖)。在所有其他情况下,即,如果 G 是 s-正则,s=2,3 或 5,则给出了传递补 G 的存在的充分必要条件,并且构建了基于 A12k+10 形式的交替群的无限族分裂传递 2-覆盖。最后,还考虑了连续 2-覆盖链,沿着该链,弧传递群 G 具有连续的升程。事实证明,在这样的链中,最多可以分裂两个投影。此外,还表明,在三次对称图的背景下,如果恰好有两个被分割,则一个是分割传递的,另一个是分割截面或分割混合的。
A regular covering projection ℘:X˜→X of connected graphs is G-admissible if G lifts along ℘. Denote by G˜ the lifted group, and let CT(℘) be the group of covering transformations. The projection is called G-split whenever the extension CT(℘)→G˜→G splits. In this paper, split 2-covers are considered, with a particular emphasis given to cubic symmetric graphs. Supposing that G is transitive on X, a G-split cover is said to be G-split-transitive if all complements G¯≅G of CT(℘) within G˜ are transitive on X˜; it is said to be G-split-sectional whenever for each complement G¯ there exists a G¯-invariant section of ℘; and it is called G-split-mixed otherwise. It is shown, when G is an arc-transitive group, split-sectional and split-mixed 2-covers lead to canonical double covers. Split-transitive covers, however, are considerably more difficult to analyze. For cubic symmetric graphs split 2-cover are necessarily canonical double covers (that is, no G-split-transitive 2-covers exist) when G is 1-regular or 4-regular. In all other cases, that is, if G is s-regular, s=2,3 or 5, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a transitive complement G¯ is given, and moreover, an infinite family of split-transitive 2-covers based on the alternating groups of the form A12k+10is constructed. Finally, chains of consecutive 2-covers, along which an arc-transitive group G has successive lifts, are also considered. It is proved that in such a chain, at most two projections can be split. Further, it is shown that, in the context of cubic symmetric graphs, if exactly two of them are split, then one is split-transitive and the other one is either split-sectional or split-mixed.
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