Abundance and survival of microbial aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere
Abundance and survival of microbial aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-019-0474-0
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Stewart, M. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryan, N. C.;Christner, B. C.;Stewart, M. F.
生物气溶胶在大气中的传输使微生物物种在大陆之间扩散，影响人类和植物的健康，并可能影响水文循环。然而，在离地表几公里以上的高度，很少有生物气溶胶的定量观测。由于缺乏关于大气中生物气溶胶分布的数据，评估微生物空中传播及其在生物圈中的垂直范围的工作受到了阻碍。在这项研究中，一个氦气球有效载荷系统被用来采样微生物细胞和尘埃颗粒在空气质量高达38公里以上的海平面在美国西南部的三个地点。高度在3至29公里之间的单体浓度非常相似（2-5 x 10（5）个单体m（-3）），比对流边界层中观测到的浓度（CBL; 1 x 10（6）个单体m（-3））低约三倍，在35至38公里处降至8 x 10（4）个单体m（-3）。对三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的检测和对干燥和短波紫外线辐射具有极端耐受性的细菌的恢复证实，某些微生物有能力在平流层较低的高度持续存在。我们的数据和相关的计算提供了限制微生物在生物圈中的可居住性的上海拔边界。
Bioaerosol transport in the atmosphere disperses microbial species between continents, affects human and plant health, and may influence hydrologic cycling. However, there have been few quantitative observations of bioaerosols at altitudes more than a few kilometers above the surface. Lack of data on bioaerosol distributions in the atmosphere has impeded efforts to assess the aerial dissemination of microbes and their vertical extent in the biosphere. In this study, a helium balloon payload system was used to sample microbial cells and dust particles in air masses as high as 38 km above sea level over three locations in the southwestern United States. The cell concentrations at altitudes between 3 and 29 km were highly similar (2-5 x 10(5) cells m(-3)) and approximately threefold lower than those observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL; 1 x 10(6) cells m(-3)), decreasing to 8 x 10(4) cells m(-3 )at 35-38 km. The detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and recovery of bacteria possessing extreme tolerance to desiccation and shortwave ultraviolet radiation confirmed that certain microorganisms have the capacity to persist at lower altitudes of the stratosphere. Our data and related calculations provide constraints on the upper altitudinal boundary for microbial habitability in the biosphere.