Honesty mediates the relationship between serotonin and reaction to unfairness
Honesty mediates the relationship between serotonin and reaction to unfairness
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1118687109
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发表时间：
2012-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hidehiko Takahashi;H. Takano;Colin Camerer;T. Ideno;Shigetaka Okubo;H. Matsui;Y. Tamari;K. Takemura;R. Arakawa;F. Kodaka;M. Yamada;Yoko Eguchi;T. Murai;Y. Okubo;Motoichiro Kato;Hiroshi Ito;T. Suhara
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文献类型：
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作者：
Hidehiko Takahashi;H. Takano;Colin Camerer;T. Ideno;Shigetaka Okubo;H. Matsui;Y. Tamari;K. Takemura;R. Arakawa;F. Kodaka;M. Yamada;Yoko Eguchi;T. Murai;Y. Okubo;Motoichiro Kato;Hiroshi Ito;T. Suhara
如何处理不公平的行为？这个问题长期以来一直受到包括哲学、心理学、经济学和生物学在内的各个学科的研究。然而，我们对不公平的反应因人而异。使用最后通牒游戏（UG）的实验经济学研究也表明，在对不公平的反应中存在着巨大的个体差异。在最后通牒游戏中，玩家必须决定是接受还是拒绝公平或不公平的提议。然而，人们对这种观察的心理学和神经生物学机制知之甚少。我们结合了分子成像技术，经济学游戏，和人格调查，以阐明不公平的异质性反应的神经生物学机制。与普遍认为攻击性人格（冲动或敌意）与UG中不公平提议的高拒绝率有关相反，我们发现，具有明显和平人格（直率和信任）的人更经常拒绝，并参与个人昂贵的报复形式。此外，中缝背核（DRN）中5-羟色胺转运蛋白水平低的人诚实可信，因此不能容忍不公平，坦率地表达他们的挫折感。换句话说，更高的中枢5-羟色胺传输可能使我们的行为更加敏捷和机会主义，在追求自身利益的同时善于玩游戏。我们提供了独特的神经生物学证据来解释对不公平的反应的个体差异。
How does one deal with unfair behaviors? This subject has long been investigated by various disciplines including philosophy, psychology, economics, and biology. However, our reactions to unfairness differ from one individual to another. Experimental economics studies using the ultimatum game (UG), in which players must decide whether to accept or reject fair or unfair offers, have also shown that there are substantial individual differences in reaction to unfairness. However, little is known about psychological as well as neurobiological mechanisms of this observation. We combined a molecular imaging technique, an economics game, and a personality inventory to elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of heterogeneous reactions to unfairness. Contrary to the common belief that aggressive personalities (impulsivity or hostility) are related to the high rejection rate of unfair offers in UG, we found that individuals with apparently peaceful personalities (straightforwardness and trust) rejected more often and were engaged in personally costly forms of retaliation. Furthermore, individuals with a low level of serotonin transporters in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are honest and trustful, and thus cannot tolerate unfairness, being candid in expressing their frustrations. In other words, higher central serotonin transmission might allow us to behave adroitly and opportunistically, being good at playing games while pursuing self-interest. We provide unique neurobiological evidence to account for individual differences of reaction to unfairness.