The Great Dam and the Sabean Oasis of Ma'rib
The Great Dam and the Sabean Oasis of Ma'rib
复制标题
马里布大坝和萨比绿洲
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
U. Brunner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Brunner
这一简短的调查集中于阿拉伯南部洪水灌溉的悠久传统，最终形成了著名的马里布大坝。它一千多年的长期存在证明了它的成功。大水坝是灌溉系统的中心部分，灌溉系统占地约9600公顷，分为较小的北部绿洲和较大的南部绿洲。讨论了这一成功的灌溉实践的主要原因：大坝的功能是引水而不是蓄水，配水简单，使用大量的水，以及强有力的管理的重要性。在《古兰经》中，该系统的缓慢衰落被象征性地描述为一个单一的灾难性事件，导致了大多数居民的迁出。事实上，这导致了一个古老的灌溉系统几乎是独一无二的情况，尽管它是坏的，但它的大部分部件一直保存到近代。直到80年代，古老的绿洲才被重新开垦。但从根本上改变现状的并不是大坝和相应的灌溉方案的复兴，而是一个附近油田的开放，萨那-马里布沥青路的建成和柴油泵的引入。
This brief survey focuses on the long tradition offlood irrigation in Southern Arabia which culminatedin the famous Great Dam of Ma'rib. Its long existenceof more than one millenium proves its success. TheGreat Dam was the central part of an irrigation systemwhich covered an area of about 9600 ha, divided intoa smaller North Oasis and a larger South Oasis. Majorreasons for this successful irrigation practice arediscussed: the function of the dam as one of waterdiversion and not for storage, the simplicity of waterdistribution, the use of huge amounts of water and theimportance of a strong management.The slow decline of the system is symbolicallydescribed in the Holy Qur'an as a single, catastrophicevent which led to the exodus of the majority of inhabitants. As a matter of fact it resulted in thealmost unique situation of an antique irrigationsystem, although out of order, being preserved in mostof its parts till modern times. It was only in theeighties that the ancient oases were cultivated again.But it was not the revival of the dam with itscorresponding irrigation scheme which changed thesituation fundamentally, but rather the opening of anearby oilfield, the completion of the asphalt roadSana'a–Ma'rib and the introduction of the dieselpump.