microRNA in Human Reproduction
microRNA in Human Reproduction
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_18
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Imbar, Tal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eisenberg, Iris;Kotaja, Noora;Imbar, Tal
微小RNA构成了一个由大约21个核苷酸长的非编码RNA组成的大家族。20多年前，它们作为基因表达的关键转录后调节因子出现。这些小RNA分子的调节作用最近开始在人类生殖系统中探索。microRNA在控制生殖功能中发挥重要作用，尤其是在卵母细胞成熟、卵泡发生、黄体功能、着床和早期胚胎发育过程中。Dicer是将pre-miRNA切割成其成熟形式的细胞质酶，其敲除在几种动物模型中导致着床后胚胎死亡，这归因于这些小RNA在生殖和发育中的重要功能。microRNA的另一个有趣的特征是它们在体液中以一种非常稳定的形式存在，这种形式受到内源性RNA酶活性的保护。我们将重点关注它们在卵巢生理过程和排卵功能障碍中的作用，精子发生和男性生育力的调节，以及通过胎盘形成过程参与人类正常和异常滋养细胞分化和入侵。
microRNAs constitute a large family of approximately 21-nucleotidelong, noncoding RNAs. They emerged more than 20 years ago as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. The regulatory role of these small RNA molecules has recently begun to be explored in the human reproductive system. microRNAs have been shown to play an important role in control of reproductive functions, especially in the processes of oocyte maturation, folliculogenesis, corpus luteum function, implantation, and early embryonic development. Knockout of Dicer, the cytoplasmic enzyme that cleaves the pre-miRNA to its mature form, results in postimplantation embryonic lethality in several animal models, attributing to these small RNA vital functions in reproduction and development. Another intriguing characteristic of microRNAs is their presence in body fluids in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity.In this chapter we will describe the current knowledge on microRNAs, specifically relating to human gonadal cells. We will focus on their role in the ovarian physiologic process and ovulation dysfunction, regulation of spermatogenesis and male fertility, and putative involvement in human normal and aberrant trophoblast differentiation and invasion through the process of placentation.